trek madone 5.5 2012

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Trek Madone 5.5 review

Light and lively road machine

Gary Boulanger

gary boulanger

The Trek Madone 5.5 proves that a hardy race heritage can apply to weekend warriors. It's a light and lively road machine that sets a benchmark for performance.

Ride & handling: Comfortable, responsive and fast

After spending a few months riding similarly specced carbon road bikes from GT and Cannondale, we found the Madone 5.5 to be more comfortable over longer periods in the saddle. Performance never lacked on the 5.5, making quick jaunts through traffic to head out on our favourite loops enjoyable.

Once we fell into a rhythm, the 5.5 proved worthy of its Tour-winning hype, never relenting under the heavy stress of steep climbing or twisty mountain road descending.

Trek has always taken a more conservative approach to geometry, and not much has changed on the 5.5. It has classic stage race geometry that yields airly relaxed, eminently stable thanks to the relatively low bottom bracket height. The slightly longish chainstays provide stability and remove the twitchiness typically found in bikes with shorter stays.

Several testers appreciated the shortish top tube, and especially liked the comfort of staying in the drops against the wind and on long descents, where feathering the brakes from the hooks is less weary and more effective than staying on top.

But, the conservative approach also made for some uninspired saddle time, according to some testers. Yes, a lightweight carbon bike is supposed to be stiff, but some testers felt that the Trek felt flat in the straightaways under speed compared to the Cannondale SuperSix,. Part of it might be due to the slightly higher handlebar position (there's a 30mm higher position compared to the more race-oriented models like the Madone Pro line).

For half our testers, the common threads were 'comfortable, responsive and fast.' One's pedaling efforts were never wasted on the 5.5, some said, a reflection of the stiff carbon frameset and paired-spoke wheels. Uninspired for some, a real rocket for others. Much of one's riding preferences hinge on body type (tall and thin vs short and muscular), position and experience. All things considered, The Madone 5.5 averaged a mostly neutral response from our testers. Taking the middle ground is a safe bet for Trek, one of the largest bike companies in the world.

Frameset: New OCLV names, more simplicity

Trek’s Optimum Compaction Low Void (OCLV) technology, in a nutshell, applies heat and pressure during the manufacturing process to compress carbon and resin for maximum strength and minimum weight, while eliminating gaps between carbon layers to improve strength-to-weight. Trek's lay-up process includes cutting specific carbon parts (for head tube, down tube, top tube, etc.) with a specifically directed carbon angle to better position the fiber for the loads and stresses a frame experiences under the rider.

For 2008, Trekrenamed its three levels of OCLV: Red, Black and White, a new nomenclature to make things easier to understand compared to the old ‘OCLV 55’, ‘OCLV 110’ reference. The Madone 5.5 is an OCLV Black level, which uses intermediate modulus carbon fibre compared to the Red's significant high modulus content.

This second-tier status affects overall weight a tad, though, as our 58cm sample weighed in at 16.1lbs. Black series frames are 120g heavier and the alloy steerer adds another 90g relative to the Red series, according to Trek's road brand manager Scott Daubert.

A few highlights of the re-engineered Madone line include several weight-saving enhancements, including a slip fit bottom bracket bearings versus the external cups that have become the norm; a tapered carbon fork (1-1/8in down to 1.5in at the crown, which, like its bottom bracket shell brother, needs less parts due to Trek's Net Molding Technology (carbon race surfaces to eliminate heavy aluminium parts, making the bottom bracket and headset assembly simpler and lighter). Instead of the 68mm shell width standard, where the bearing cups are screwed into an aluminium insert and the bearings are housed outside the shell, Trek uses a 90mm shell to house everything. The benefit here is a stiffer junction at the prime pedaling force, and Trek has also made the effort to provide Campagnolo-, Shimano- and SRAM-specific crank kit bearings available.

The 5.5 has a 30mm taller headtube than the Pro fit, which our newer road riders appreciated. Trek offers two fit options. Other than head tube length, everything else is identical on the frame but the stems are also 1cm shorter than Pro fit. A higher handlebar position isn't for everyone, though, and Trek generously provided several headset spacers to allow riders the option to lower the stem without compromising the handling.

As for dialing one's optimal saddle height, Trek designed a carbon seat cap with 100mm of adjustability. Not comfortable with offering a carbon seat tube that requires cutting, Trek shaved off some weight and simplified one of the most important aspects of proper fit. The saddle clamp also offers six degrees of spherical adjustment to account for less-than-perfect saddle rails.

Equipment: Race-proven and serviceable

Shimano's race-proven and reliable Dura-Ace shifters, brake calipers, and derailleurs work seamlessly to propel and stop the Madone 5.5. In fact, most everything offered by Shimano's road team can boast the same. The difference between the top-of-the-line Dura-Ace and its lower grade brothers is two fold: lighter and more responsive for most riders, and bragging rights. Who wouldn't want to ride what half the pro peloton uses? In our opinion, an American-made carbon frameset of this caliber specced with Dura-Ace and priced at US$4,400 is bargain.

Trek balances off its complete bike spec with a hearty dose of its Bontrager house brand. Tour-proven spec, mind you, that doesn't scrimp on performance or quality. Trek has raised the bar considerably with its Bontrager Race Lite wheels and saddle, two areas very particular and personal for discerning riders in this price range. The Race Lite wheels are built with 3.6mm bladed stainless steel 18/20 front/rear spokes, weighing 1660g for the pair. The external nipples are a blessing, but for the inexperienced the paired spokes are a curse. Be thankful for Bontrager's high-tension attention to wheel strength in its factory build, though. In the five months we've tested the Madone 5.5. we haven't needed to re-tension or tweak the wheels. Part of this comes from proper tyre inflation, of course, and it helps that the Bontrager Race X Lite 700x23c clinchers behaved the entire test period. Nary a flat, always rolling hard over the rough stuff, and keeping us steady in sprints and climbs while offering enough stickiness through turns.

Bontrager's cockpit has improved dramatically. The Race Lite VR handlebars are square and wide on the tops as needed, while providing the medium drop and reach that comes natural for most riders for hard sprinting, climbing and descending, thanks to its semi-anatomic bend. The now-standard 31.8mm clamp diameter gives the front end of the bike a needed beefiness to match the beefy oversized headtube and fork crown. Trek was smart to spec aluminium stem and bars, which are more durable for more riders compared to carbon. What little road shock reverberating through the front end is absorbed by the clever Bontrager Buzz-Kill bar-end plugs.

The Bontrager Race Lite saddle, like the Specialized Body Geometry, isn't for everybody. Many riders snooping around this price point will have tried the very popular Fi'zi:k Arione saddle - which we think looks like a ironing board - but has become the default saddle for many hard-core racers and riders. The Race Lite has its high points, namely reinforced wings for durability in a crash. But, as we've found with several Bontrager saddles the past year, the saddle’s super rounded profile isn’t for everyone.

The Bontrager Race X Lite carbon compact crankset shifts well and provides the lower gears that this bike’s likely riders prefer. Not the lightest, but performance may mean more to some riders.

Verdict: American-made speed, readily available

Trek is one of the most popular bike brands in the world, and its Madone line reflects its commitment to staying with the times. Extended carbon seat tubes, oversized and tapered head tubes, oversized slip-fit bottom bracket bearings: these are all desirable features that translate to benefits on the road and for the rider. Simplicity is key with high performance, and it's apparent that Trek has invested heavily in taking its signature line to the next level. The best part? Mere mortals like you and me being able to ride the same bike as the guy winning the Tour and Giro. The Madone 5.5 may be mostly neutral on the road, but overall it's a safe bet for the weekend warrior interested in flying the flag that Lance and Alberto raised to the top of the podium since 1999.

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Trek Madone 5.5 Road Bike

Frame: OCLV 120 Carbon Aero Fork: Bontrager Race X Lite, carbon Wheels: Bontrager Race Lite Crank: Shimano Dura-Ace 53/39 Rear Derailleur: Shimano Dura-Ace Sizes: 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62cm

USER REVIEWS

It's light, comfortable & it climbs well.

The paint & the chainstays are fragile.

I'm reviewing the 2011 Madone 5.5 with full SRAM Force. The original frame had a cracked non-driveside chainstay out of the box. The box was damaged and Trek sent a replacement. After about 18 months & 6,000 miles, I was riding with a friend. He ran over a rock that shot sideways and hit my bike noticeably. I didn't think too much about it at first but the next day I noticed cracks in the clearcoat about 3" in front of the rear derailleur on the drive side chainsaws. It felt a little spongy but it was hard to tell if the carbon was damaged. I tapped on the stay with a drill bit and heard ting, ting, ting & then a thud at the damaged spot. The LBS submitted a claim but Trek denied it saying it was crash damage. Trek offered me a discounted crash replacement frame. I declined as my confidence in Trek has been shaken. I was apprehensive about buying a carbon bike & my fears came to fruition. The good news is that I was able to have the frame repaired for a few hundred dollars so it's not a total loss. Over the course of the 18-months, I also noticed several random & sizeable paint chips that had no apparent cause. All-in-all, I'm not sure if I'd ever but another carbon bike but I don't think I'd buy another Trek. The bike does rides nicely although the ride is somewhat muted by the carbon. I'm not sure if that's a carbon thing or if it's related to this model. It's more compliant than the aluminum bikes I've ridden.

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Trek Madone 5.5 Review

Reviews & tech.

Review of the 2009 Trek Madone road bike.

RoadCycling.com reviews the 2009 Trek Madone 5.5 road bike.

Roadcycling.com reviews the 2009 Trek Madone 5.5 road bike.

The bright red metal flake paint on the Trek Madone 5.5 I tested reminded me of a hot rod. After riding the Trek, it was like driving a hot rod!

The Trek Madone 5.5 is very traditional when you look at the structure of the frame. Yet it possesses a sleek look with its graceful lines. I received many compliments on its appearance. That’s a big step for a consumer. Although it appears straightforward, hang on! The Madone 5.5 hides its strengths.

Overall, the power transfer was impressive. If the bike doesn’t respond, I don’t want to ride it. I’m happy to report that wasn’t the case with the Trek. There’s no doubt the bottom bracket had the necessary stiffness to effectively and efficiently relay the energy from my pedaling. I didn’t feel as though it was washed away on the road. I’m not just talking about flatland sprinting either. The Madone 5.5 met every challenge I presented to it whether it was putting the power down rolling on the flats or a challenging climb. It was as though it had perpetual motion without requiring excessive effort from the rider. Or, as my co-tester would say, “it never felt like I was riding through wet cement”.

Here’s an example of what I’m talking about. I was riding a route with several medium rollers. I had to shift down when I hit the grade. The transition was fluid and didn’t require getting out of the saddle. At the crest, I would shift up and the response was immediate. My speed increase was instantaneous and effortless. I felt as though I never lost any momentum. Note to readers, this is a good thing!

Even though I wouldn’t change it, I’m going to nitpick a little about the fork. I felt more road shock through it than what I was used to. However, I loved the aerodynamic style. As I said earlier, I wouldn’t change it. Another minor complaint is the seat adjustment on the aerodynamic seatpost. Although I like the mast and its clamp system, I think the seat adjustment is overly engineered.

As hard as I tried to choose what I liked best about the Madone 5.5, I’m unable to decide. It did everything very well. It was unaffected by headwinds or crosswinds. Stability was never a worry. What made it fun was it would perform for me in all aspects regardless of the terrain. At the end of the day, while riding the Madone 5.5, I always had a smile on my face. Subjectively, I like how it looks. Trek's Performance Fit feature with a 30mm taller head tube obviously contributed to the comfort of the bike. Although more upright, it is a speedy ride. This is a race bike in sheep’s clothing!

Trek’s development and heritage associated with the Madone shows the highest level of technology and engineering that can be put into developing a frame. After over 20 years riding bicycles, I can easily see why this bike has been raced by Tour de France winners and yet functions perfectly in the real world for enthusiasts who enjoy an affordable, comfortable, performance bicycle.

Visit Trek Bikes online at www.trekbikes.com .

Located in the UK? Click here to buy 2010 Trek Madone bikes online.

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Trek Madone 5.5 review

I have to explain three things before starting this Trek Madone review:

1) The bike under review is one I bought myself, with my own hard-earned cash, and I ride it a lot. It is not a short-term review model - unfortunately Trek didn't feel the need to send me a free bike, I can't imagine why!

2) Because buying bikes myself is rather expensive (!) I don't have a great range of comparisons to make with similarly priced bikes.

3) I am mid-40's year old. My own experiences might be different to those of a younger, stronger 25 year old. I ride essentially for pleasure rather than spending much time doing extensive training, but I do work quite hard.

In my favour I have a job that enables me to cycle pretty much every day, and I live in the south of France so it is possible to go out cycling for a large part of the year.

Take the review as it is - a review of the Trek Madone 5.5 by an enthusiastic rider - but remember I haven't ridden many bikes in the same price range - and all will be well...

Riding the Trek Madone

Being all carbon the Madone is significantly lighter than my previous bike. It is also much more rigid. I had thought this would make the ride quicker and easier in all conditions, but it's not quite as simple as that. The bike loves going fast - and somehow feels fast even when it isn't moving fast - but really does take quite an effort to get it zipping along.

If I go out for a ride feeling a bit tired or lacking in energy, I find it isn't a great bike for just ambling along gently - it seems to need to be pushed hard if you want to do well. But when you are feeling full of energy it can storm along very fast and is a very great experience. On balance probably all a good thing because it pushes me to always do my best!

Downhill: I've never been a particularly fast descender but I do find I can go that bit faster on the Trek Madone before it starts to get scary.

On the flat: probably less impact here than in any other area of performance.

Uphill: the steeper the hill, the happier the bike seems to be. On all hills it seems happy. On steep hills where I need that extra bit of speed it is always ready to oblige (legs permitting) and a short fast burst standing up is much more fun and easier than I could hope for.

Overall, when you make the effort it leaps forwards with great speed and you think you're Contador on a good day, especially (for me at least) on the hills, where the Madone 5.5 really seems to come into its own, above all when the goung gets tough on a longer or steeper climb.

The photos show a couple of the more unusual features of the bike. The seatpost is quite unconventional (although the style is more common nowadays) and is a sleeve that slides down across the 'seatmast' of the frame - seems very quick and easy to use. The second picture shows the cabling on the bike disappearing into the frame, keeping things nice and tidy.

Ordering and buying the Trek Madone

You can specify the bike you want on the Trek site - seeing how much different wheels, handlebars etc will affect the price or selecting a nice colour scheme (both standard or very individual finishes are available). Trek insists that you go into a shop at this stage, so that your requirements can be met exactly. This which includes making sure the handlebars, cranks etc are the right size for you and so on.

All a fine idea that my own store knew nothing about and didn't do any of. I can only assume they guessed what sizes I wanted or needed (they did measure me to check the frame size was right). It is unfortunate if Trek make such an effort themselves but then fail to review the shops that are involved in the sales process to ensure they also understand the requirements.

In fact the shop where I ordered the bike made very significant mistakes about the whole ordering process which then took about 10 weeks rather than the four weeks promised on the Trek site, and I had several 'issues' in gaining a response to my enquiries from both the shop and from Trek themselves. To their credit, they threw in a free pair of Look Keo carbon pedals with the bike as a form of compensation.

Model / Specification of the Trek Madone 5.5 under review

Model: Trek Madone 5.5, 2010 model
OCLV Black carbon frame, Ultegra brakes and gears (compact)
Almost all fittings are standard (as per the Trek Project One bike specification) except the transmission is Ultegra 2010
Country of purchase: France
Colour: Red. I set off to buy white but saw a red Trek in the shop and decided to buy that colour instead. I would have much preferred a matt black bike but it wasn't an option.
Period of test: A couple of months, 2500 kilometres

The troubles I had in actually buying the bike made me very close to cancelling the order, and I was very disappointed by the poor customer service I received. Happily as soon as I had the bike in my hands all these troubles were forgotten because of the pleasure of riding it - and even now in the middle of winter I look forward to going out for a ride most days, because of the great enjoyment I get from cycling on almost all routes and types of terrain.

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Results have arrived, trek madone bikes for sale.

Shop new & used Trek Madone bikes at TPC - The Pro's Closet. Find reviews, specs, weight info, prices and size charts on various models (SLR 9, 7) and popular years (2018, 2021, etc). Read our Trek Madone Quick-Take Review below.

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Aero masterclass
Trek engineers locked themselves in a wind tunnel with this bike. Every curve, edge, and component shouts aerodynamics. From the IsoFlow tech to the one-piece aero bar and stem this bike is designed for slicing through air.
IsoFlow Comfort
One of the standout features of the Madone is Trek’s IsoFlow technology, which makes for a forgiving ride, especially on longer epics. IsoFlow helps the seatmast flex, soaking up road vibrations. It’s rare for a speed-focused road bike to excel in comfort, yet here we are.
Integrated everything
In the Madone, the term "fully integrated" is taken to new heights. From the cables to the cockpit, everything is tucked away, contributing not just to aerodynamics but also to a jaw-dropping aesthetic.
Speed and beauty come at a cost. The Madone’s premium price could act as a barrier for many. It's a serious investment, and budget-friendly aero options are out there.
Price: $7,999 (SLR 6)
Weight woes
Despite the carbon fiber frame and components, the Madone isn't a featherweight in its category. It's a solid build, but riders focused on climbing might find it a tad on the heavier side.
Weight: 17lbs (56cm)
Versatility questions
While the Madone excels on flat terrain and downhill blasts, it's not the most versatile option for a wide range of riding conditions. Climbers and those who encounter varying terrain may find it limiting.

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2012 Trek Madone 5.5 - Full Carbon - SRAM- 15 lbs- $4k MSRP

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New Trek Madone 5.5: I Love It But...

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Hi All, I'm in the market for a new bike and I was in a shop the other day. They had a new Trek Madone 5.5 hanging there and I love it. Problem is, it's a 2009. I'm going to find out what components are on there. But, according to the specs ( http://www.trekbikes.com/pdf/2009/catalog/en_road.pdf ), they should be SRAM Force. My question is, is there much of a difference between 2009 and 2012-13 components? I would think so. But, how significant? Also, their asking price is $3500. Is that reasonable? Thanks.

current Trek's are 2013's. I would be very very curious as to why this is still there. Is it truly new? Something sounds off. . .

There is no 5.5 for 2013. Just the 5.2 with full Ultegra mechanical (except for the 105 cassette) and the 5.9 with Ultegra Di2. MSRP on the 5.9 with Di2 (or Ui2 to be technical about it) is right around $5000. The 2013 500 series also has the new KVF frame and the integrated brakes. The 2012 5.2 was pretty much the same group, but didn't have the new frame and brakes. MSRP was around $3400. The 2012 5.5 had Force. Same frame/brakes as the 5.2 MSRP on the 5.5 was around $4000. Just looking at your link, the 5.5 in 2009 still had an alloy steerer and only carbon blades. I believe that even the 400 series now has a full carbon fork. IMO they're asking way too much for a 2009. Given that Force vs. Ultegra mechanical is pretty much a push, and later models have the full carbon fork, and with the new frame and brakes for 2013, you're much better off going with a 2013 5.2, in my book. You can probably talk them down to around $3300-$3400 for the 2013. Unless having a US-made frame matters, that is. :wink:

That price is WAYYYYY too high. We have current-year 5.2's on sale for $3199.00. As posted above that's the current frame w/ integrated brakes and full Shimano Ultegra. It's not that weird that this '09 bike is still around, but if it were me i'd be blowing it out at near cost which would be much close to $2000.00 than what you're seeing. The guy running that shop is very optimistic to say the least.

This site always seems to be reasonable. Says it should be $2k. Concurs with cxwrench's estimate. Listing Detail - Bicycle Blue Book

VKW said: This site always seems to be reasonable. Says it should be $2k. Concurs with cxwrench's estimate. Listing Detail - Bicycle Blue Book Click to expand...

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2012 trek madone 5.9 road bike - 54cm, certified to the highest standards.

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The sizing charts will provide a range of recommended frame sizes based on your height. Different manufacturers may have slightly different sizing recommendations, so it's essential to use the chart specific to the brand and model you're considering.

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Category: Road Bike

Condition: Certified Pre-Owned

Frame Size: 54cm H2

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Description

Feel the balance of power and finesse aboard the 2012 Trek Madone 5.9. The power part comes from Trek's OCLV carbon frame, which boasts ingenious technology that will have you setting personal bests. The 90mm-wide bottom bracket gives you a stiff, efficient pedaling platform, the integrated headset and BB cups save weight and the seatmast trims even more grams, and adds compliance for long-ride comfort.

Specifications

Weight 15 lbs 12 oz
Model Madone 5.9
Color Black, White
Size 54cm H2
Frame Material Carbon Fiber
Drivetrain 2x10
Fork Trek, Carbon Fiber
Fork Travel N/A
Rear Shock N/A
Rear Shock Travel N/A
Handlebar Bontrager, Carbon Fiber, 42cm
Brakes Shimano Ultegra, Rim
Brake Type Rim, Mechanical
Stem Origin 8, 70mm
Shifters Shimano Ultegra, Di2
Front Derailleur Shimano Ultegra, Di2
Rear Derailleur Shimano Ultegra, Di2
Cassette Shimano Ultegra, 11-28
Crankset Shimano Ultegra, 172.5mm, Stages Power Meter
Chainring Shimano Ultegra, 50-34
Seatpost Trek, Carbon Fiber
Saddle Kootu
Wheel Size 700C
Wheel Set Shimano Ultegra, Shimano Ultegra Hubs
Front Tire GoodYear Eagle Sport, 700x25c
Rear Tire GoodYear Eagle Sport, 700x25c
Bottom Bracket PressFit
Charger Included Yes

Mechanic Notes & Comments

This 2012 Trek Madone 5.9 is in very good condition and ready to ride! Cosmetic chips to paint. Upgraded Shimano Ultegra Stages Power Meter.

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I've made it here to Liege to chase a little bike race around France, but before I begin Trek was kind enough to invite me to their new Madone launch. And I'm glad they did. Besides having a lot of fun, I've had the opportunity to meet many of the people behind Trek and the innovative products they produce. Back in

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trek madone 4.5 shimano 105

Bontrager Race Lite, 7 degree, 31.8mm. Headset. Integrated, cartridge bearings, sealed, alloy, 1-1/8" top, 1.5" bottom. Brakeset. Tektro R540 brakes w/ Shimano 105 STI levers.

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Shimano Tiagra 12-30, 10 speed. Crankset. Shimano R563, 50/39/30 (triple) - R565, 50/34 (compact) Features. 400 Series OCLV Ultra high performance, within reach. The areal weight range and modulus mix of 400 Series OCLV provides an exhilarating sense of acceleration and confident handling.

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make my research paper

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Make a name in academia

How to Write a Research Paper: the LEAP approach (+cheat sheet)

In this article I will show you how to write a research paper using the four LEAP writing steps. The LEAP academic writing approach is a step-by-step method for turning research results into a published paper .

The LEAP writing approach has been the cornerstone of the 70 + research papers that I have authored and the 3700+ citations these paper have accumulated within 9 years since the completion of my PhD. I hope the LEAP approach will help you just as much as it has helped me to make an real, tangible impact with my research.

What is the LEAP research paper writing approach?

I designed the LEAP writing approach not only for merely writing the papers. My goal with the writing system was to show young scientists how to first think about research results and then how to efficiently write each section of the research paper.

In other words, you will see how to write a research paper by first analyzing the results and then building a logical, persuasive arguments. In this way, instead of being afraid of writing research paper, you will be able to rely on the paper writing process to help you with what is the most demanding task in getting published – thinking.

The four research paper writing steps according to the LEAP approach:

I will show each of these steps in detail. And you will be able to download the LEAP cheat sheet for using with every paper you write.

But before I tell you how to efficiently write a research paper, I want to show you what is the problem with the way scientists typically write a research paper and why the LEAP approach is more efficient.

How scientists typically write a research paper (and why it isn’t efficient)

Writing a research paper can be tough, especially for a young scientist. Your reasoning needs to be persuasive and thorough enough to convince readers of your arguments. The description has to be derived from research evidence, from prior art, and from your own judgment. This is a tough feat to accomplish.

The figure below shows the sequence of the different parts of a typical research paper. Depending on the scientific journal, some sections might be merged or nonexistent, but the general outline of a research paper will remain very similar.

Outline of a research paper, including Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Objective, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, References and Annexes

Here is the problem: Most people make the mistake of writing in this same sequence.

While the structure of scientific articles is designed to help the reader follow the research, it does little to help the scientist write the paper. This is because the layout of research articles starts with the broad (introduction) and narrows down to the specifics (results). See in the figure below how the research paper is structured in terms of the breath of information that each section entails.

How to write a research paper according to the LEAP approach

For a scientist, it is much easier to start writing a research paper with laying out the facts in the narrow sections (i.e. results), step back to describe them (i.e. write the discussion), and step back again to explain the broader picture in the introduction.

For example, it might feel intimidating to start writing a research paper by explaining your research’s global significance in the introduction, while it is easy to plot the figures in the results. When plotting the results, there is not much room for wiggle: the results are what they are.

Starting to write a research papers from the results is also more fun because you finally get to see and understand the complete picture of the research that you have worked on.

Most importantly, following the LEAP approach will help you first make sense of the results yourself and then clearly communicate them to the readers. That is because the sequence of writing allows you to slowly understand the meaning of the results and then develop arguments for presenting to your readers.

I have personally been able to write and submit a research article in three short days using this method.

Step 1: Lay Out the Facts

LEAP research paper writing step 1: Prepare charts and graphics, and describe what you see

You have worked long hours on a research project that has produced results and are no doubt curious to determine what they exactly mean. There is no better way to do this than by preparing figures, graphics and tables. This is what the first LEAP step is focused on – diving into the results.

How to p repare charts and tables for a research paper

Your first task is to try out different ways of visually demonstrating the research results. In many fields, the central items of a journal paper will be charts that are based on the data generated during research. In other fields, these might be conceptual diagrams, microscopy images, schematics and a number of other types of scientific graphics which should visually communicate the research study and its results to the readers. If you have reasonably small number of data points, data tables might be useful as well.

Tips for preparing charts and tables

Try multiple chart types but in the finished paper only use the one that best conveys the message you want to present to the readers
Follow the eight chart design progressions for selecting and refining a data chart for your paper: https://peerrecognized.com/chart-progressions
Prepare scientific graphics and visualizations for your paper using the scientific graphic design cheat sheet: https://peerrecognized.com/tools-for-creating-scientific-illustrations/

How to describe the results of your research

Now that you have your data charts, graphics and tables laid out in front of you – describe what you see in them. Seek to answer the question: What have I found? Your statements should progress in a logical sequence and be backed by the visual information. Since, at this point, you are simply explaining what everyone should be able to see for themselves, you can use a declarative tone: The figure X demonstrates that…

Tips for describing the research results :

Answer the question: “ What have I found? “
Use declarative tone since you are simply describing observations

Step 2: Explain the results

LEAP research paper writing step 2: Define the message, discuss the results, write conclusions, refine the objective, and describe methodology

The core aspect of your research paper is not actually the results; it is the explanation of their meaning. In the second LEAP step, you will do some heavy lifting by guiding the readers through the results using logic backed by previous scientific research.

How to define the Message of a research paper

To define the central message of your research paper, imagine how you would explain your research to a colleague in 20 seconds . If you succeed in effectively communicating your paper’s message, a reader should be able to recount your findings in a similarly concise way even a year after reading it. This clarity will increase the chances that someone uses the knowledge you generated, which in turn raises the likelihood of citations to your research paper.

Tips for defining the paper’s central message :

Write the paper’s core message in a single sentence or two bullet points
Write the core message in the header of the research paper manuscript

How to write the Discussion section of a research paper

In the discussion section you have to demonstrate why your research paper is worthy of publishing. In other words, you must now answer the all-important So what? question . How well you do so will ultimately define the success of your research paper.

Here are three steps to get started with writing the discussion section:

Write bullet points of the things that convey the central message of the research article (these may evolve into subheadings later on).
Make a list with the arguments or observations that support each idea.
Finally, expand on each point to make full sentences and paragraphs.

Tips for writing the discussion section:

What is the meaning of the results?
Was the hypothesis confirmed?
Write bullet points that support the core message
List logical arguments for each bullet point, group them into sections
Instead of repeating research timeline, use a presentation sequence that best supports your logic
Convert arguments to full paragraphs; be confident but do not overhype
Refer to both supportive and contradicting research papers for maximum credibility

How to write the Conclusions of a research paper

Since some readers might just skim through your research paper and turn directly to the conclusions, it is a good idea to make conclusion a standalone piece. In the first few sentences of the conclusions, briefly summarize the methodology and try to avoid using abbreviations (if you do, explain what they mean).

After this introduction, summarize the findings from the discussion section. Either paragraph style or bullet-point style conclusions can be used. I prefer the bullet-point style because it clearly separates the different conclusions and provides an easy-to-digest overview for the casual browser. It also forces me to be more succinct.

Tips for writing the conclusion section :

Summarize the key findings, starting with the most important one
Make conclusions standalone (short summary, avoid abbreviations)
Add an optional take-home message and suggest future research in the last paragraph

How to refine the Objective of a research paper

The objective is a short, clear statement defining the paper’s research goals. It can be included either in the final paragraph of the introduction, or as a separate subsection after the introduction. Avoid writing long paragraphs with in-depth reasoning, references, and explanation of methodology since these belong in other sections. The paper’s objective can often be written in a single crisp sentence.

Tips for writing the objective section :

The objective should ask the question that is answered by the central message of the research paper
The research objective should be clear long before writing a paper. At this point, you are simply refining it to make sure it is addressed in the body of the paper.

How to write the Methodology section of your research paper

When writing the methodology section, aim for a depth of explanation that will allow readers to reproduce the study . This means that if you are using a novel method, you will have to describe it thoroughly. If, on the other hand, you applied a standardized method, or used an approach from another paper, it will be enough to briefly describe it with reference to the detailed original source.

Remember to also detail the research population, mention how you ensured representative sampling, and elaborate on what statistical methods you used to analyze the results.

Tips for writing the methodology section :

Include enough detail to allow reproducing the research
Provide references if the methods are known
Create a methodology flow chart to add clarity
Describe the research population, sampling methodology, statistical methods for result analysis
Describe what methodology, test methods, materials, and sample groups were used in the research.

Step 3: Advertize the research

Step 3 of the LEAP writing approach is designed to entice the casual browser into reading your research paper. This advertising can be done with an informative title, an intriguing abstract, as well as a thorough explanation of the underlying need for doing the research within the introduction.

LEAP research paper writing step 3: Write introduction, prepare the abstract, compose title, and prepare highlights and graphical abstract

How to write the Introduction of a research paper

The introduction section should leave no doubt in the mind of the reader that what you are doing is important and that this work could push scientific knowledge forward. To do this convincingly, you will need to have a good knowledge of what is state-of-the-art in your field. You also need be able to see the bigger picture in order to demonstrate the potential impacts of your research work.

Think of the introduction as a funnel, going from wide to narrow, as shown in the figure below:

Start with a brief context to explain what do we already know,
Follow with the motivation for the research study and explain why should we care about it,
Explain the research gap you are going to bridge within this research paper,
Describe the approach you will take to solve the problem.

Context - Motivation - Research gap - Approach funnel for writing the introduction

Tips for writing the introduction section :

Follow the Context – Motivation – Research gap – Approach funnel for writing the introduction
Explain how others tried and how you plan to solve the research problem
Do a thorough literature review before writing the introduction
Start writing the introduction by using your own words, then add references from the literature

How to prepare the Abstract of a research paper

The abstract acts as your paper’s elevator pitch and is therefore best written only after the main text is finished. In this one short paragraph you must convince someone to take on the time-consuming task of reading your whole research article. So, make the paper easy to read, intriguing, and self-explanatory; avoid jargon and abbreviations.

How to structure the abstract of a research paper:

The abstract is a single paragraph that follows this structure:
Problem: why did we research this
Methodology: typically starts with the words “Here we…” that signal the start of own contribution.
Results: what we found from the research.
Conclusions: show why are the findings important

How to compose a research paper Title

The title is the ultimate summary of a research paper. It must therefore entice someone looking for information to click on a link to it and continue reading the article. A title is also used for indexing purposes in scientific databases, so a representative and optimized title will play large role in determining if your research paper appears in search results at all.

Tips for coming up with a research paper title:

Capture curiosity of potential readers using a clear and descriptive title
Include broad terms that are often searched
Add details that uniquely identify the researched subject of your research paper
Avoid jargon and abbreviations
Use keywords as title extension (instead of duplicating the words) to increase the chance of appearing in search results

How to prepare Highlights and Graphical Abstract

Highlights are three to five short bullet-point style statements that convey the core findings of the research paper. Notice that the focus is on the findings, not on the process of getting there.

A graphical abstract placed next to the textual abstract visually summarizes the entire research paper in a single, easy-to-follow figure. I show how to create a graphical abstract in my book Research Data Visualization and Scientific Graphics.

Tips for preparing highlights and graphical abstract:

In highlights show core findings of the research paper (instead of what you did in the study).
In graphical abstract show take-home message or methodology of the research paper. Learn more about creating a graphical abstract in this article.

Step 4: Prepare for submission

LEAP research paper writing step 4: Select the journal, fulfill journal requirements, write a cover letter, suggest reviewers, take a break and edit, address review comments.

Sometimes it seems that nuclear fusion will stop on the star closest to us (read: the sun will stop to shine) before a submitted manuscript is published in a scientific journal. The publication process routinely takes a long time, and after submitting the manuscript you have very little control over what happens. To increase the chances of a quick publication, you must do your homework before submitting the manuscript. In the fourth LEAP step, you make sure that your research paper is published in the most appropriate journal as quickly and painlessly as possible.

How to select a scientific Journal for your research paper

The best way to find a journal for your research paper is it to review which journals you used while preparing your manuscript. This source listing should provide some assurance that your own research paper, once published, will be among similar articles and, thus, among your field’s trusted sources.

After this initial selection of hand-full of scientific journals, consider the following six parameters for selecting the most appropriate journal for your research paper (read this article to review each step in detail):

Scope and publishing history
Ranking and Recognition
Publishing time
Acceptance rate
Content requirements
Access and Fees

How to select a journal for your research paper:

Use the six parameters to select the most appropriate scientific journal for your research paper
Use the following tools for journal selection: https://peerrecognized.com/journals
Follow the journal’s “Authors guide” formatting requirements

How to Edit you manuscript

No one can write a finished research paper on their first attempt. Before submitting, make sure to take a break from your work for a couple of days, or even weeks. Try not to think about the manuscript during this time. Once it has faded from your memory, it is time to return and edit. The pause will allow you to read the manuscript from a fresh perspective and make edits as necessary.

I have summarized the most useful research paper editing tools in this article.

Tips for editing a research paper:

Take time away from the research paper to forget about it; then returning to edit,
Start by editing the content: structure, headings, paragraphs, logic, figures
Continue by editing the grammar and language; perform a thorough language check using academic writing tools
Read the entire paper out loud and correct what sounds weird

How to write a compelling Cover Letter for your paper

Begin the cover letter by stating the paper’s title and the type of paper you are submitting (review paper, research paper, short communication). Next, concisely explain why your study was performed, what was done, and what the key findings are. State why the results are important and what impact they might have in the field. Make sure you mention how your approach and findings relate to the scope of the journal in order to show why the article would be of interest to the journal’s readers.

I wrote a separate article that explains what to include in a cover letter here. You can also download a cover letter template from the article.

Tips for writing a cover letter:

Explain how the findings of your research relate to journal’s scope
Tell what impact the research results will have
Show why the research paper will interest the journal’s audience
Add any legal statements as required in journal’s guide for authors

How to Answer the Reviewers

Reviewers will often ask for new experiments, extended discussion, additional details on the experimental setup, and so forth. In principle, your primary winning tactic will be to agree with the reviewers and follow their suggestions whenever possible. After all, you must earn their blessing in order to get your paper published.

Be sure to answer each review query and stick to the point. In the response to the reviewers document write exactly where in the paper you have made any changes. In the paper itself, highlight the changes using a different color. This way the reviewers are less likely to re-read the entire article and suggest new edits.

In cases when you don’t agree with the reviewers, it makes sense to answer more thoroughly. Reviewers are scientifically minded people and so, with enough logical and supported argument, they will eventually be willing to see things your way.

Tips for answering the reviewers:

Agree with most review comments, but if you don’t, thoroughly explain why
Highlight changes in the manuscript
Do not take the comments personally and cool down before answering

The LEAP research paper writing cheat sheet

Imagine that you are back in grad school and preparing to take an exam on the topic: “How to write a research paper”. As an exemplary student, you would, most naturally, create a cheat sheet summarizing the subject… Well, I did it for you.

This one-page summary of the LEAP research paper writing technique will remind you of the key research paper writing steps. Print it out and stick it to a wall in your office so that you can review it whenever you are writing a new research paper.

The LEAP research paper writing cheat sheet

Now that we have gone through the four LEAP research paper writing steps, I hope you have a good idea of how to write a research paper. It can be an enjoyable process and once you get the hang of it, the four LEAP writing steps should even help you think about and interpret the research results. This process should enable you to write a well-structured, concise, and compelling research paper.

Have fund with writing your next research paper. I hope it will turn out great!

Learn writing papers that get cited

The LEAP writing approach is a blueprint for writing research papers. But to be efficient and write papers that get cited, you need more than that.

My name is Martins Zaumanis and in my interactive course Research Paper Writing Masterclass I will show you how to visualize your research results, frame a message that convinces your readers, and write each section of the paper. Step-by-step.

And of course – you will learn to respond the infamous Reviewer No.2.

Research Paper Writing Masterclass by Martins Zaumanis

Hey! My name is Martins Zaumanis and I am a materials scientist in Switzerland ( Google Scholar ). As the first person in my family with a PhD, I have first-hand experience of the challenges starting scientists face in academia. With this blog, I want to help young researchers succeed in academia. I call the blog “Peer Recognized”, because peer recognition is what lifts academic careers and pushes science forward.

Besides this blog, I have written the Peer Recognized book series and created the Peer Recognized Academy offering interactive online courses.

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How To Write A Research Paper

Step-By-Step Tutorial With Examples + FREE Template

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Expert Reviewer: Dr Eunice Rautenbach | March 2024

For many students, crafting a strong research paper from scratch can feel like a daunting task – and rightly so! In this post, we’ll unpack what a research paper is, what it needs to do , and how to write one – in three easy steps. 🙂

Overview: Writing A Research Paper

What (exactly) is a research paper.

How to write a research paper
Stage 1 : Topic & literature search
Stage 2 : Structure & outline
Stage 3 : Iterative writing
Key takeaways

Let’s start by asking the most important question, “ What is a research paper? ”.

Simply put, a research paper is a scholarly written work where the writer (that’s you!) answers a specific question (this is called a research question ) through evidence-based arguments . Evidence-based is the keyword here. In other words, a research paper is different from an essay or other writing assignments that draw from the writer’s personal opinions or experiences. With a research paper, it’s all about building your arguments based on evidence (we’ll talk more about that evidence a little later).

Now, it’s worth noting that there are many different types of research papers , including analytical papers (the type I just described), argumentative papers, and interpretative papers. Here, we’ll focus on analytical papers , as these are some of the most common – but if you’re keen to learn about other types of research papers, be sure to check out the rest of the blog .

With that basic foundation laid, let’s get down to business and look at how to write a research paper .

Overview: The 3-Stage Process

While there are, of course, many potential approaches you can take to write a research paper, there are typically three stages to the writing process. So, in this tutorial, we’ll present a straightforward three-step process that we use when working with students at Grad Coach.

These three steps are:

Finding a research topic and reviewing the existing literature
Developing a provisional structure and outline for your paper, and
Writing up your initial draft and then refining it iteratively

Let’s dig into each of these.

Need a helping hand?

Step 1: Find a topic and review the literature

As we mentioned earlier, in a research paper, you, as the researcher, will try to answer a question . More specifically, that’s called a research question , and it sets the direction of your entire paper. What’s important to understand though is that you’ll need to answer that research question with the help of high-quality sources – for example, journal articles, government reports, case studies, and so on. We’ll circle back to this in a minute.

The first stage of the research process is deciding on what your research question will be and then reviewing the existing literature (in other words, past studies and papers) to see what they say about that specific research question. In some cases, your professor may provide you with a predetermined research question (or set of questions). However, in many cases, you’ll need to find your own research question within a certain topic area.

Finding a strong research question hinges on identifying a meaningful research gap – in other words, an area that’s lacking in existing research. There’s a lot to unpack here, so if you wanna learn more, check out the plain-language explainer video below.

Once you’ve figured out which question (or questions) you’ll attempt to answer in your research paper, you’ll need to do a deep dive into the existing literature – this is called a “ literature search ”. Again, there are many ways to go about this, but your most likely starting point will be Google Scholar .

If you’re new to Google Scholar, think of it as Google for the academic world. You can start by simply entering a few different keywords that are relevant to your research question and it will then present a host of articles for you to review. What you want to pay close attention to here is the number of citations for each paper – the more citations a paper has, the more credible it is (generally speaking – there are some exceptions, of course).

Ideally, what you’re looking for are well-cited papers that are highly relevant to your topic. That said, keep in mind that citations are a cumulative metric , so older papers will often have more citations than newer papers – just because they’ve been around for longer. So, don’t fixate on this metric in isolation – relevance and recency are also very important.

Beyond Google Scholar, you’ll also definitely want to check out academic databases and aggregators such as Science Direct, PubMed, JStor and so on. These will often overlap with the results that you find in Google Scholar, but they can also reveal some hidden gems – so, be sure to check them out.

Once you’ve worked your way through all the literature, you’ll want to catalogue all this information in some sort of spreadsheet so that you can easily recall who said what, when and within what context. If you’d like, we’ve got a free literature spreadsheet that helps you do exactly that.

Don’t fixate on an article’s citation count in isolation - relevance (to your research question) and recency are also very important.

Step 2: Develop a structure and outline

With your research question pinned down and your literature digested and catalogued, it’s time to move on to planning your actual research paper .

It might sound obvious, but it’s really important to have some sort of rough outline in place before you start writing your paper. So often, we see students eagerly rushing into the writing phase, only to land up with a disjointed research paper that rambles on in multiple

Now, the secret here is to not get caught up in the fine details . Realistically, all you need at this stage is a bullet-point list that describes (in broad strokes) what you’ll discuss and in what order. It’s also useful to remember that you’re not glued to this outline – in all likelihood, you’ll chop and change some sections once you start writing, and that’s perfectly okay. What’s important is that you have some sort of roadmap in place from the start.

You need to have a rough outline in place before you start writing your paper - or you’ll end up with a disjointed research paper that rambles on.

At this stage you might be wondering, “ But how should I structure my research paper? ”. Well, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution here, but in general, a research paper will consist of a few relatively standardised components:

Introduction
Literature review
Methodology

Let’s take a look at each of these.

First up is the introduction section . As the name suggests, the purpose of the introduction is to set the scene for your research paper. There are usually (at least) four ingredients that go into this section – these are the background to the topic, the research problem and resultant research question , and the justification or rationale. If you’re interested, the video below unpacks the introduction section in more detail.

The next section of your research paper will typically be your literature review . Remember all that literature you worked through earlier? Well, this is where you’ll present your interpretation of all that content . You’ll do this by writing about recent trends, developments, and arguments within the literature – but more specifically, those that are relevant to your research question . The literature review can oftentimes seem a little daunting, even to seasoned researchers, so be sure to check out our extensive collection of literature review content here .

With the introduction and lit review out of the way, the next section of your paper is the research methodology . In a nutshell, the methodology section should describe to your reader what you did (beyond just reviewing the existing literature) to answer your research question. For example, what data did you collect, how did you collect that data, how did you analyse that data and so on? For each choice, you’ll also need to justify why you chose to do it that way, and what the strengths and weaknesses of your approach were.

Now, it’s worth mentioning that for some research papers, this aspect of the project may be a lot simpler . For example, you may only need to draw on secondary sources (in other words, existing data sets). In some cases, you may just be asked to draw your conclusions from the literature search itself (in other words, there may be no data analysis at all). But, if you are required to collect and analyse data, you’ll need to pay a lot of attention to the methodology section. The video below provides an example of what the methodology section might look like.

By this stage of your paper, you will have explained what your research question is, what the existing literature has to say about that question, and how you analysed additional data to try to answer your question. So, the natural next step is to present your analysis of that data . This section is usually called the “results” or “analysis” section and this is where you’ll showcase your findings.

Depending on your school’s requirements, you may need to present and interpret the data in one section – or you might split the presentation and the interpretation into two sections. In the latter case, your “results” section will just describe the data, and the “discussion” is where you’ll interpret that data and explicitly link your analysis back to your research question. If you’re not sure which approach to take, check in with your professor or take a look at past papers to see what the norms are for your programme.

Alright – once you’ve presented and discussed your results, it’s time to wrap it up . This usually takes the form of the “ conclusion ” section. In the conclusion, you’ll need to highlight the key takeaways from your study and close the loop by explicitly answering your research question. Again, the exact requirements here will vary depending on your programme (and you may not even need a conclusion section at all) – so be sure to check with your professor if you’re unsure.

Step 3: Write and refine

Finally, it’s time to get writing. All too often though, students hit a brick wall right about here… So, how do you avoid this happening to you?

Well, there’s a lot to be said when it comes to writing a research paper (or any sort of academic piece), but we’ll share three practical tips to help you get started.

First and foremost , it’s essential to approach your writing as an iterative process. In other words, you need to start with a really messy first draft and then polish it over multiple rounds of editing. Don’t waste your time trying to write a perfect research paper in one go. Instead, take the pressure off yourself by adopting an iterative approach.

Secondly , it’s important to always lean towards critical writing , rather than descriptive writing. What does this mean? Well, at the simplest level, descriptive writing focuses on the “ what ”, while critical writing digs into the “ so what ” – in other words, the implications . If you’re not familiar with these two types of writing, don’t worry! You can find a plain-language explanation here.

Last but not least, you’ll need to get your referencing right. Specifically, you’ll need to provide credible, correctly formatted citations for the statements you make. We see students making referencing mistakes all the time and it costs them dearly. The good news is that you can easily avoid this by using a simple reference manager . If you don’t have one, check out our video about Mendeley, an easy (and free) reference management tool that you can start using today.

Recap: Key Takeaways

We’ve covered a lot of ground here. To recap, the three steps to writing a high-quality research paper are:

To choose a research question and review the literature
To plan your paper structure and draft an outline
To take an iterative approach to writing, focusing on critical writing and strong referencing

Remember, this is just a b ig-picture overview of the research paper development process and there’s a lot more nuance to unpack. So, be sure to grab a copy of our free research paper template to learn more about how to write a research paper.

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Can you help me with a full paper template for this Abstract:

Background: Energy and sports drinks have gained popularity among diverse demographic groups, including adolescents, athletes, workers, and college students. While often used interchangeably, these beverages serve distinct purposes, with energy drinks aiming to boost energy and cognitive performance, and sports drinks designed to prevent dehydration and replenish electrolytes and carbohydrates lost during physical exertion.

Objective: To assess the nutritional quality of energy and sports drinks in Egypt.

Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study assessed the nutrient contents, including energy, sugar, electrolytes, vitamins, and caffeine, of sports and energy drinks available in major supermarkets in Cairo, Alexandria, and Giza, Egypt. Data collection involved photographing all relevant product labels and recording nutritional information. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests were employed to analyze and compare the nutritional values of energy and sports drinks.

Results: The study analyzed 38 sports drinks and 42 energy drinks. Sports drinks were significantly more expensive than energy drinks, with higher net content and elevated magnesium, potassium, and vitamin C. Energy drinks contained higher concentrations of caffeine, sugars, and vitamins B2, B3, and B6.

Conclusion: Significant nutritional differences exist between sports and energy drinks, reflecting their intended uses. However, these beverages’ high sugar content and calorie loads raise health concerns. Proper labeling, public awareness, and responsible marketing are essential to guide safe consumption practices in Egypt.

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With proper planning, knowledge, and framework, completing a research paper can be a fulfilling and exciting experience.

Though it might initially sound slightly intimidating, this guide will help you embrace the challenge.

By documenting your findings, you can inspire others and make a difference in your field. Here's how you can make your research paper unique and comprehensive.

What is a research paper?

Research papers allow you to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of a particular topic. These papers are usually lengthier and more detailed than typical essays, requiring deeper insight into the chosen topic.

To write a research paper, you must first choose a topic that interests you and is relevant to the field of study. Once you’ve selected your topic, gathering as many relevant resources as possible, including books, scholarly articles, credible websites, and other academic materials, is essential. You must then read and analyze these sources, summarizing their key points and identifying gaps in the current research.

You can formulate your ideas and opinions once you thoroughly understand the existing research. To get there might involve conducting original research, gathering data, or analyzing existing data sets. It could also involve presenting an original argument or interpretation of the existing research.

Writing a successful research paper involves presenting your findings clearly and engagingly, which might involve using charts, graphs, or other visual aids to present your data and using concise language to explain your findings. You must also ensure your paper adheres to relevant academic formatting guidelines, including proper citations and references.

Overall, writing a research paper requires a significant amount of time, effort, and attention to detail. However, it is also an enriching experience that allows you to delve deeply into a subject that interests you and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in your chosen field.

How long should a research paper be?

Research papers are deep dives into a topic. Therefore, they tend to be longer pieces of work than essays or opinion pieces.

However, a suitable length depends on the complexity of the topic and your level of expertise. For instance, are you a first-year college student or an experienced professional?

Also, remember that the best research papers provide valuable information for the benefit of others. Therefore, the quality of information matters most, not necessarily the length. Being concise is valuable.

Following these best practice steps will help keep your process simple and productive:

1. Gaining a deep understanding of any expectations

Before diving into your intended topic or beginning the research phase, take some time to orient yourself. Suppose there’s a specific topic assigned to you. In that case, it’s essential to deeply understand the question and organize your planning and approach in response. Pay attention to the key requirements and ensure you align your writing accordingly.

This preparation step entails

Deeply understanding the task or assignment

Being clear about the expected format and length

Familiarizing yourself with the citation and referencing requirements

Understanding any defined limits for your research contribution

Where applicable, speaking to your professor or research supervisor for further clarification

2. Choose your research topic

Select a research topic that aligns with both your interests and available resources. Ideally, focus on a field where you possess significant experience and analytical skills. In crafting your research paper, it's crucial to go beyond summarizing existing data and contribute fresh insights to the chosen area.

Consider narrowing your focus to a specific aspect of the topic. For example, if exploring the link between technology and mental health, delve into how social media use during the pandemic impacts the well-being of college students. Conducting interviews and surveys with students could provide firsthand data and unique perspectives, adding substantial value to the existing knowledge.

When finalizing your topic, adhere to legal and ethical norms in the relevant area (this ensures the integrity of your research, protects participants' rights, upholds intellectual property standards, and ensures transparency and accountability). Following these principles not only maintains the credibility of your work but also builds trust within your academic or professional community.

For instance, in writing about medical research, consider legal and ethical norms , including patient confidentiality laws and informed consent requirements. Similarly, if analyzing user data on social media platforms, be mindful of data privacy regulations, ensuring compliance with laws governing personal information collection and use. Aligning with legal and ethical standards not only avoids potential issues but also underscores the responsible conduct of your research.

3. Gather preliminary research

Once you’ve landed on your topic, it’s time to explore it further. You’ll want to discover more about available resources and existing research relevant to your assignment at this stage.

This exploratory phase is vital as you may discover issues with your original idea or realize you have insufficient resources to explore the topic effectively. This key bit of groundwork allows you to redirect your research topic in a different, more feasible, or more relevant direction if necessary.

Spending ample time at this stage ensures you gather everything you need, learn as much as you can about the topic, and discover gaps where the topic has yet to be sufficiently covered, offering an opportunity to research it further.

4. Define your research question

To produce a well-structured and focused paper, it is imperative to formulate a clear and precise research question that will guide your work. Your research question must be informed by the existing literature and tailored to the scope and objectives of your project. By refining your focus, you can produce a thoughtful and engaging paper that effectively communicates your ideas to your readers.

5. Write a thesis statement

A thesis statement is a one-to-two-sentence summary of your research paper's main argument or direction. It serves as an overall guide to summarize the overall intent of the research paper for you and anyone wanting to know more about the research.

A strong thesis statement is:

Concise and clear: Explain your case in simple sentences (avoid covering multiple ideas). It might help to think of this section as an elevator pitch.

Specific: Ensure that there is no ambiguity in your statement and that your summary covers the points argued in the paper.

Debatable: A thesis statement puts forward a specific argument––it is not merely a statement but a debatable point that can be analyzed and discussed.

Here are three thesis statement examples from different disciplines:

Psychology thesis example: "We're studying adults aged 25-40 to see if taking short breaks for mindfulness can help with stress. Our goal is to find practical ways to manage anxiety better."

Environmental science thesis example: "This research paper looks into how having more city parks might make the air cleaner and keep people healthier. I want to find out if more green spaces means breathing fewer carcinogens in big cities."

UX research thesis example: "This study focuses on improving mobile banking for older adults using ethnographic research, eye-tracking analysis, and interactive prototyping. We investigate the usefulness of eye-tracking analysis with older individuals, aiming to spark debate and offer fresh perspectives on UX design and digital inclusivity for the aging population."

6. Conduct in-depth research

A research paper doesn’t just include research that you’ve uncovered from other papers and studies but your fresh insights, too. You will seek to become an expert on your topic––understanding the nuances in the current leading theories. You will analyze existing research and add your thinking and discoveries. It's crucial to conduct well-designed research that is rigorous, robust, and based on reliable sources. Suppose a research paper lacks evidence or is biased. In that case, it won't benefit the academic community or the general public. Therefore, examining the topic thoroughly and furthering its understanding through high-quality research is essential. That usually means conducting new research. Depending on the area under investigation, you may conduct surveys, interviews, diary studies , or observational research to uncover new insights or bolster current claims.

7. Determine supporting evidence

Not every piece of research you’ve discovered will be relevant to your research paper. It’s important to categorize the most meaningful evidence to include alongside your discoveries. It's important to include evidence that doesn't support your claims to avoid exclusion bias and ensure a fair research paper.

8. Write a research paper outline

Before diving in and writing the whole paper, start with an outline. It will help you to see if more research is needed, and it will provide a framework by which to write a more compelling paper. Your supervisor may even request an outline to approve before beginning to write the first draft of the full paper. An outline will include your topic, thesis statement, key headings, short summaries of the research, and your arguments.

9. Write your first draft

Once you feel confident about your outline and sources, it’s time to write your first draft. While penning a long piece of content can be intimidating, if you’ve laid the groundwork, you will have a structure to help you move steadily through each section. To keep up motivation and inspiration, it’s often best to keep the pace quick. Stopping for long periods can interrupt your flow and make jumping back in harder than writing when things are fresh in your mind.

10. Cite your sources correctly

It's always a good practice to give credit where it's due, and the same goes for citing any works that have influenced your paper. Building your arguments on credible references adds value and authenticity to your research. In the formatting guidelines section, you’ll find an overview of different citation styles (MLA, CMOS, or APA), which will help you meet any publishing or academic requirements and strengthen your paper's credibility. It is essential to follow the guidelines provided by your school or the publication you are submitting to ensure the accuracy and relevance of your citations.

11. Ensure your work is original

It is crucial to ensure the originality of your paper, as plagiarism can lead to serious consequences. To avoid plagiarism, you should use proper paraphrasing and quoting techniques. Paraphrasing is rewriting a text in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. Quoting involves directly citing the source. Giving credit to the original author or source is essential whenever you borrow their ideas or words. You can also use plagiarism detection tools such as Scribbr or Grammarly to check the originality of your paper. These tools compare your draft writing to a vast database of online sources. If you find any accidental plagiarism, you should correct it immediately by rephrasing or citing the source.

12. Revise, edit, and proofread

One of the essential qualities of excellent writers is their ability to understand the importance of editing and proofreading. Even though it's tempting to call it a day once you've finished your writing, editing your work can significantly improve its quality. It's natural to overlook the weaker areas when you've just finished writing a paper. Therefore, it's best to take a break of a day or two, or even up to a week, to refresh your mind. This way, you can return to your work with a new perspective. After some breathing room, you can spot any inconsistencies, spelling and grammar errors, typos, or missing citations and correct them.

The best research paper format

The format of your research paper should align with the requirements set forth by your college, school, or target publication.

There is no one “best” format, per se. Depending on the stated requirements, you may need to include the following elements:

Title page: The title page of a research paper typically includes the title, author's name, and institutional affiliation and may include additional information such as a course name or instructor's name.

Table of contents: Include a table of contents to make it easy for readers to find specific sections of your paper.

Abstract: The abstract is a summary of the purpose of the paper.

Methods : In this section, describe the research methods used. This may include collecting data , conducting interviews, or doing field research .

Results: Summarize the conclusions you drew from your research in this section.

Discussion: In this section, discuss the implications of your research . Be sure to mention any significant limitations to your approach and suggest areas for further research.

Tables, charts, and illustrations: Use tables, charts, and illustrations to help convey your research findings and make them easier to understand.

Works cited or reference page: Include a works cited or reference page to give credit to the sources that you used to conduct your research.

Bibliography: Provide a list of all the sources you consulted while conducting your research.

Dedication and acknowledgments : Optionally, you may include a dedication and acknowledgments section to thank individuals who helped you with your research.

General style and formatting guidelines

Formatting your research paper means you can submit it to your college, journal, or other publications in compliance with their criteria.

Research papers tend to follow the American Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association (MLA), or Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) guidelines.

Here’s how each style guide is typically used:

Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS):

CMOS is a versatile style guide used for various types of writing. It's known for its flexibility and use in the humanities. CMOS provides guidelines for citations, formatting, and overall writing style. It allows for both footnotes and in-text citations, giving writers options based on their preferences or publication requirements.

American Psychological Association (APA):

APA is common in the social sciences. It’s hailed for its clarity and emphasis on precision. It has specific rules for citing sources, creating references, and formatting papers. APA style uses in-text citations with an accompanying reference list. It's designed to convey information efficiently and is widely used in academic and scientific writing.

Modern Language Association (MLA):

MLA is widely used in the humanities, especially literature and language studies. It emphasizes the author-page format for in-text citations and provides guidelines for creating a "Works Cited" page. MLA is known for its focus on the author's name and the literary works cited. It’s frequently used in disciplines that prioritize literary analysis and critical thinking.

To confirm you're using the latest style guide, check the official website or publisher's site for updates, consult academic resources, and verify the guide's publication date. Online platforms and educational resources may also provide summaries and alerts about any revisions or additions to the style guide.

Citing sources

When working on your research paper, it's important to cite the sources you used properly. Your citation style will guide you through this process. Generally, there are three parts to citing sources in your research paper:

First, provide a brief citation in the body of your essay. This is also known as a parenthetical or in-text citation.

Second, include a full citation in the Reference list at the end of your paper. Different types of citations include in-text citations, footnotes, and reference lists.

In-text citations include the author's surname and the date of the citation.

Footnotes appear at the bottom of each page of your research paper. They may also be summarized within a reference list at the end of the paper.

A reference list includes all of the research used within the paper at the end of the document. It should include the author, date, paper title, and publisher listed in the order that aligns with your citation style.

10 research paper writing tips:

Following some best practices is essential to writing a research paper that contributes to your field of study and creates a positive impact.

These tactics will help you structure your argument effectively and ensure your work benefits others:

Clear and precise language: Ensure your language is unambiguous. Use academic language appropriately, but keep it simple. Also, provide clear takeaways for your audience.

Effective idea separation: Organize the vast amount of information and sources in your paper with paragraphs and titles. Create easily digestible sections for your readers to navigate through.

Compelling intro: Craft an engaging introduction that captures your reader's interest. Hook your audience and motivate them to continue reading.

Thorough revision and editing: Take the time to review and edit your paper comprehensively. Use tools like Grammarly to detect and correct small, overlooked errors.

Thesis precision: Develop a clear and concise thesis statement that guides your paper. Ensure that your thesis aligns with your research's overall purpose and contribution.

Logical flow of ideas: Maintain a logical progression throughout the paper. Use transitions effectively to connect different sections and maintain coherence.

Critical evaluation of sources: Evaluate and critically assess the relevance and reliability of your sources. Ensure that your research is based on credible and up-to-date information.

Thematic consistency: Maintain a consistent theme throughout the paper. Ensure that all sections contribute cohesively to the overall argument.

Relevant supporting evidence: Provide concise and relevant evidence to support your arguments. Avoid unnecessary details that may distract from the main points.

Embrace counterarguments: Acknowledge and address opposing views to strengthen your position. Show that you have considered alternative arguments in your field.

7 research tips

If you want your paper to not only be well-written but also contribute to the progress of human knowledge, consider these tips to take your paper to the next level:

Selecting the appropriate topic: The topic you select should align with your area of expertise, comply with the requirements of your project, and have sufficient resources for a comprehensive investigation.

Use academic databases: Academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and JSTOR offer a wealth of research papers that can help you discover everything you need to know about your chosen topic.

Critically evaluate sources: It is important not to accept research findings at face value. Instead, it is crucial to critically analyze the information to avoid jumping to conclusions or overlooking important details. A well-written research paper requires a critical analysis with thorough reasoning to support claims.

Diversify your sources: Expand your research horizons by exploring a variety of sources beyond the standard databases. Utilize books, conference proceedings, and interviews to gather diverse perspectives and enrich your understanding of the topic.

Take detailed notes: Detailed note-taking is crucial during research and can help you form the outline and body of your paper.

Stay up on trends: Keep abreast of the latest developments in your field by regularly checking for recent publications. Subscribe to newsletters, follow relevant journals, and attend conferences to stay informed about emerging trends and advancements.

Engage in peer review: Seek feedback from peers or mentors to ensure the rigor and validity of your research . Peer review helps identify potential weaknesses in your methodology and strengthens the overall credibility of your findings.

The real-world impact of research papers

Writing a research paper is more than an academic or business exercise. The experience provides an opportunity to explore a subject in-depth, broaden one's understanding, and arrive at meaningful conclusions. With careful planning, dedication, and hard work, writing a research paper can be a fulfilling and enriching experience contributing to advancing knowledge.

How do I publish my research paper?

Many academics wish to publish their research papers. While challenging, your paper might get traction if it covers new and well-written information. To publish your research paper, find a target publication, thoroughly read their guidelines, format your paper accordingly, and send it to them per their instructions. You may need to include a cover letter, too. After submission, your paper may be peer-reviewed by experts to assess its legitimacy, quality, originality, and methodology. Following review, you will be informed by the publication whether they have accepted or rejected your paper.

What is a good opening sentence for a research paper?

Beginning your research paper with a compelling introduction can ensure readers are interested in going further. A relevant quote, a compelling statistic, or a bold argument can start the paper and hook your reader. Remember, though, that the most important aspect of a research paper is the quality of the information––not necessarily your ability to storytell, so ensure anything you write aligns with your goals.

Research paper vs. a research proposal—what’s the difference?

While some may confuse research papers and proposals, they are different documents.

A research proposal comes before a research paper. It is a detailed document that outlines an intended area of exploration. It includes the research topic, methodology, timeline, sources, and potential conclusions. Research proposals are often required when seeking approval to conduct research.

A research paper is a summary of research findings. A research paper follows a structured format to present those findings and construct an argument or conclusion.

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How to start your research paper [step-by-step guide]

1. Choose your topic

2. find information on your topic, 3. create a thesis statement, 4. create a research paper outline, 5. organize your notes, 6. write your introduction, 7. write your first draft of the body, 9. write your conclusion, 10. revise again, edit, and proofread, frequently asked questions about starting your research paper, related articles.

Research papers can be short or in-depth, but no matter what type of research paper, they all follow pretty much the same pattern and have the same structure .

A research paper is a paper that makes an argument about a topic based on research and analysis.

There will be some basic differences, but if you can write one type of research paper, you can write another. Below is a step-by-step guide to starting and completing your research paper.

Choose a topic that interests you. Writing your research paper will be so much more pleasant with a topic that you actually want to know more about. Your interest will show in the way you write and effort you put into the paper. Consider these issues when coming up with a topic:

make sure your topic is not too broad
narrow it down if you're using terms that are too general

Academic search engines are a great source to find background information on your topic. Your institution's library will most likely provide access to plenty of online research databases. Take a look at our guide on how to efficiently search online databases for academic research to learn how to gather all the information needed on your topic.

Tip: If you’re struggling with finding research, consider meeting with an academic librarian to help you come up with more balanced keywords.

If you’re struggling to find a topic for your thesis, take a look at our guide on how to come up with a thesis topic .

The thesis statement is one of the most important elements of any piece of academic writing. It can be defined as a very brief statement of what the main point or central message of your paper is. Our thesis statement guide will help you write an excellent thesis statement.

In the next step, you need to create your research paper outline . The outline is the skeleton of your research paper. Simply start by writing down your thesis and the main ideas you wish to present. This will likely change as your research progresses; therefore, do not worry about being too specific in the early stages of writing your outline.

Then, fill out your outline with the following components:

the main ideas that you want to cover in the paper
the types of evidence that you will use to support your argument
quotes from secondary sources that you may want to use

Organizing all the information you have gathered according to your outline will help you later on in the writing process. Analyze your notes, check for accuracy, verify the information, and make sure you understand all the information you have gathered in a way that you can communicate your findings effectively.

Start with the introduction. It will set the direction of your paper and help you a lot as you write. Waiting to write it at the end can leave you with a poorly written setup to an otherwise well-written paper.

The body of your paper argues, explains or describes your topic. Start with the first topic from your outline. Ideally, you have organized your notes in a way that you can work through your research paper outline and have all the notes ready.

After your first draft, take some time to check the paper for content errors. Rearrange ideas, make changes and check if the order of your paragraphs makes sense. At this point, it is helpful to re-read the research paper guidelines and make sure you have followed the format requirements. You can also use free grammar and proof reading checkers such as Grammarly .

Tip: Consider reading your paper from back to front when you undertake your initial revision. This will help you ensure that your argument and organization are sound.

Write your conclusion last and avoid including any new information that has not already been presented in the body of the paper. Your conclusion should wrap up your paper and show that your research question has been answered.

Allow a few days to pass after you finished writing the final draft of your research paper, and then start making your final corrections. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill gives some great advice here on how to revise, edit, and proofread your paper.

Tip: Take a break from your paper before you start your final revisions. Then, you’ll be able to approach your paper with fresh eyes.

As part of your final revision, be sure to check that you’ve cited everything correctly and that you have a full bibliography. Use a reference manager like Paperpile to organize your research and to create accurate citations.

The first step to start writing a research paper is to choose a topic. Make sure your topic is not too broad; narrow it down if you're using terms that are too general.

The format of your research paper will vary depending on the journal you submit to. Make sure to check first which citation style does the journal follow, in order to format your paper accordingly. Check Getting started with your research paper outline to have an idea of what a research paper looks like.

The last step of your research paper should be proofreading. Allow a few days to pass after you finished writing the final draft of your research paper, and then start making your final corrections. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill gives some great advice here on how to revise, edit and proofread your paper.

There are plenty of software you can use to write a research paper. We recommend our own citation software, Paperpile , as well as grammar and proof reading checkers such as Grammarly .

Explain the results. Advertize the research. Prepare for submission. I will show each of these steps in detail. And you will be able to download the LEAP cheat sheet for using with every paper you write.

How to write a research paper. Stage 1: Topic & literature search. Stage 2: Structure & outline. Stage 3: Iterative writing. Key takeaways. What (exactly) is a research paper? Let’s start by asking the most important question, “ What is a research paper? ”.

Write your first draft. 6. Cite your sources. 7. Edit and proofread. 1. Understand your goal. Trying to write a research paper without understanding the guidelines is like trying to bake a cake without following a recipe. You’re likely to use the wrong ingredients and techniques and therefore get poor results.

1. Choose your topic. 2. Find information on your topic. 3. Create a thesis statement. 4. Create a research paper outline. 5. Organize your notes. 6. Write your introduction. 7. Write your first draft of the body. 8. Revise. 9. Write your conclusion. 10. Revise again, edit, and proofread.

Bike Makes a Clicking Noise When Pedaling: Fix (Step by Step)

Bike noises are unpredictable. There is nothing more worrying than hearing a clicking sound while on your bike ride. It’s worse when you do not know where the noises are coming from because your bike may have serious mechanical issues. Instead of taking your bike back on the road, it would be better to find the source of the sound and fix it. Taking out the bike for a ride might result to something breaking or result to some sort of accident whether small or big.

Here is why your bike makes clicking noises when you are pedaling and how to fix it.

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The Derailleur Hanger

Pedals and shoes (cleats), unsteady brake pads, bottom bracket, shifter cables, poorly lubricated parts, creaking and squeaking sounds, clunking or rattling noises, keep your bike regularly maintained, bike parts that cause creaks, squeaks, and clicks.

It is important to inspect your bike before every ride. If you notice that bike is clicking you should find the source of the clicking sound and fix it before raiding. Making sure that bolts on your bike are tightened and there are no squeaking sounds can prevent injuries and any damage to a bike. Lets take a look at most common bike parts that can cause bike to creaks, squeaks and clicks.

A misaligned or bent derailleur hanger will cause bike clicking sound when pedaling. Regardless of the size of the bend on the hanger, it will still throw off shifting and cause the bike clicking noises. In other instances, the clicking sounds occur when the hanger rubs against the bike frame.

– How to fix bike derailleur hanger clicking :

In the case where the hanger is rubbing against the frame you can try following to fix it

Detach the hanger and clean up all components.
Make sure you oil the surfaces to reduce any friction.
Repair the hanger if you need to before re-installing it back.
Remove them pulleys and oil/grease them before putting them back up.

One easy way to diagnose the clicking sound on your bike is to listen to its rhythm. If the pedals are the issue , you will notice the clicking noise when you pedal after every single pedal stroke. Clicking and squeaking with every stroke or rotation can also be as a result of faulty cleats.

– How to fix bike pedal clicking noise:

Remove the pedals from the bike and grease them. Make sure the crank arm, washers and pedal are intact when re-installing them. Lubing the pedal springs every now and will help you prevent squeaky bike noises.

If your shoes get noisy during pedaling it’s a sign that you need to clean and lubricate them.

When the brake pads rub against the rims of the bike pedal while you are pedaling they can cause a clicking noise.

– How to fix bike brakes knocking noise :

First, make sure that the brake pads are toes in and in optimum condition. The front pads should only make contact with the rear part of the bike.

RELATED: Keep Your Bike Running Smoothly - How to Maintain a Mountain Bike

If the sound is not coming from your drivetrain and pedals, then the bottom bracket is definitely your culprit. Parts of your bike like the bottom brackets can be loose, causing annoying clicking sounds when you pedal.

– How to fix bottom bracket clicking sounds :

Check to see if the bottom brackets are tight. To reduce the clicking sounds, you have to tighten the bottom bracket cups. If your bike has a pre—fit bottom bracket you and you don’t have the tools to fix them, it would be better to take the bike to the bike shop for a quick repair.

Constant clicking sounds in certain gears means there is an issue with your shifter cables. If the shifter cable stretch, they can pull the derailleur out of alignment. This causes the chain to rub against the derailleur cage ride between the gears, making a constant clicking sound.

– How to fix shifter cables rubbing noises:

If your derailleur hanger is not bent and the derailleur is aligned, then the next solution is to tune the tension on the derailleur. If this does not fix the clicking sounds on your bike then you will need to replace the shifter cables.

Difficulty pedaling the bike, followed by a clicking and nocking sound while you are pedaling is a clear indication that you are working with poorly lubricated bike.

Without lubrication, the chain won’t give you guaranteed performance while cycling. When it’s not well maintained, the chain will not accommodate the energy received during cycling.

– How to fix poorly lubricated bike:

The solution here is as simple as lubricating the bike. Use a lubricant lube or spray on the rollers to avoid the clicking and knocking sounds. Applying lube on your bike every two weeks should work out fine.

Other Bike Noises and How to Fix Them

While it’s uncommon, defective bike frames can be the cause of persistent creaking noise while you are pedaling hard.

– How to fix bike frame creaking noise:

Unfortunately, bike frame malfunctions can be hard to diagnose. Frame defects like hairline cracks are hard to find if you are not a professional. The main solution is to take the bike to your local bike shop for diagnosis and fixing.

Quick Release or Thru Axle

The quick release will cause a squeaking noise when loose or dirty.

– How to fix quick release squeaking noise:

To fix this, you need to tighten the quick release or thru acle and make sure it is not cracked or broken on which case will need fixing. Otherwise, make sure to remove, clean and grease the thru axle for a better riding experience.

RELATED: Fluid Nitro Mountain Bike Crank Removal

Loose Chain

If you hear a clunking or rattling noise while riding your bike, it could be due to a loose bike chain. A loose chain can cause the links to bounce around and hit the adjacent gears, causing a clunking noise.

Loose chain can also produce a rattling noise when the chain slaps against the chainstay or derailleur. Make sure to inspect your bike chain regularly in order to prevent any problems.

– How to fix loose chain rattling noise:

To fix this issue, chain will need to be tightened.

The first step is to shift the chain to the smallest chainring and sprocket, so that there is less tension on the chain.
Then, use a chain tool to loosen the bolt that attaches the chain to the derailleur.
Pull the chain taut by lifting the rear wheel off the ground and rotating the cranks.
Once the chain is sufficiently tight, reattach the bolt to the derailleur.

Be sure not to over-tighten the chain, as this can cause damage to your bike’s gears or derailleur. With a properly tightened chain, you can enjoy a smooth and quiet ride. .

Loose Headset

If you hear clunking or rattling sounds from the front end of the bike while pedaling, the problem could be a lose headset. To check if this is the issue, you choose grab the front brake lever and rock it from front to back. You will hear the clunking sound and feel movement if you have a loose headset.

– How to fix loose headset rattling sounds:

To fix this, you should tighten the bolds in your headset. Start by loosening the stem bolts, tightening your headset then securing the stem bolts to make sure everything is fixed in tightly.

Loose Bottle Cage

Once common causes for rattling sounds while on the road is a loose bottle cage.

– How to fix loose bottle cage noise:

This is an easy fix: check the bolts that attach the bottle cage to your bike frame. Tighten all loose bolts to the manufacture’s specifications especially when you are dealing with carbon parts.

Too Many Wires

Too many cables at the front of the bike could cause consistent rattling sounds while you are riding. One of the main reasons for this is poor wire set-up or having excessive wires on the front end of the bike. The cables click against the frame or each other, causing a rattling sound. Internal cable routing will cause even launder rattling sounds

– How to fix rattling caused by cables:

The best way to fix this would be by rerouting or replacing the brake and shifter cables. You would be better off taking the bike to your local bike shop if you lack the tools and skills to repair it.

Maintaining your bike is crucial to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Neglecting your bike’s maintenance can lead to more severe problems down the line that will cost more money to fix. Therefore, it’s in your best interest to service your bike regularly.

Regular bike maintenance ensures that small issues are caught before they become bigger problems, meaning you can catch and eliminate any potential noise problems before they turn into something worse.

When your bike needs maintenance or repair, it is best to take it to a reputable bike repair shop. Experienced bike technicians will know exactly how to diagnose and repair any issues with your bike.

Bike riding is more peaceful and enjoyable when you have a smooth-running and noise-free bike . If you notice some clicking, squeaking, clunking and ratting sounds, it could be one of the reasons mentioned in this article.

Your bike making noises as you pedal is a clear indication that it needs readjustments and repairs. The best thing to do is find the cause of the noise and have it fixed immediately. If you are unsure of the source of your noise, take the bike to your Local bike shop for inspection.

If you find yourself unable to fix a clicking noise or any other issues with your bike, it’s best to take your bike to a qualified bike mechanic. It is essential to keep up with your bike’s needs and not to fall behind on taking it to a professional when problems arise.

This is one of the hardest noises to find, especially while pedaling. If you stop pedaling and place the bike on a stand, you notice that the is no noise coming out. this is because the stand holds the frame firmly and the water bottle does not rock from side to side.

Yes, with the right tools, shifter cable replacement is easy. you only need a new cable set, cable housing cutters, diagonal cutters, hex wrenches and a small pick.

Are all Bicycle Pedals Universal? Detailed Guide

Can you put hybrid tires on a mountain bike step-by-step, patrick flinch.

Patrick Flinch is a professional cyclist, according to him, cycling is a sport that also helps people stay in good shape. Cycling takes many forms, and styles and so does the cycling equipment, however, this information is not available to everyone and that is why Patrick thought it wise to consolidate the most important information about cycling on “For the Bike Magazine.” Beginner, intermediate and professional cyclists will be furnished with useful insights. They will be able to understand the differences and benefits of both online and physical cycling. Apart from Cycling, Patrick is a family man, he is passionate about cycling and when not on duty, he loves to enjoy biking with his crew.

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Trek Madone SLR 2021

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Review: The New Trek Madone Is Extra Smooth and Still Very Fast

The emonda dies and the trek madone is once again the all-around race bike, but all i can ask is how can a bike this fast be this comfortable.

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Incredibly comfortable.
Project One build customization.
Clever aero cage system with real benefit.
Size specific ride tuning.
Weighs within 40 grams of previous Emonda.
Faster than previous Madone.
High quality outfront mount.
Power meter included with SRAM builds.
Stiff when standing.
Universal derailleur hanger.
Narrow handlebar diameter as it exists the controls.
Smooth ride lacks engagement.

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The Trek Madone is one of the most recognizable modern race bikes on the market today.

It came to market in 2003 with a name pulled from a French climb and was quickly synonymous with winning under Lance Armstrong. Those were the early days of carbon fiber and long before aero was everything.

Although the tubes used carbon, they were still mostly round and the Madone was Trek’s do-everything race bike. In 2016, everything changed.

Although the Madone had added aero details steadily since around 2012, weight had remained important. Then the Emonda came to market as a climber’s bike with weight as the ultimate goal. The new bike gave the Madone a new freedom. Aero was everything, weight didn’t matter, and the 2016 Trek Madone was completely different.

Today, eight years later, everything changes again. The Trek Madone is returning to its roots as an all-around race bike and the Emonda is disappearing.

Trek will tell you this is purely because of innovation but it’s largely a result of the UCI keeping the minimum bike weight (6.8kg/15 pounds) unchanged. More and more brands have managed to hit the minimum weight without sacrificing aero performance. The Emonda is no longer needed to offer what the Madone can’t — at least so long as the UCI minimum weight remains the same.

To understand what that means, my latest bike review is the updated Gen 8 Trek Madone I’ve been riding for close to a month now. I tested a top-spec Trek Madone SLR 9 AXS and what I found is that the Emonda disappearing is only a small footnote in the details of this bike. Nearly everything about the 2025 model year Trek Madone is new and the result is a bike unlike anything else.

As a final goodbye to the bike, I attempted to take it on a 230-mile trip to the beach and back. Things didn’t quite work out as planned, but my time with the Trek Madone was spent marveling at how smooth and comfortable it is. If you are looking for a new road bike this summer, keep reading to see what works and what doesn’t on the latest Madone.

Quick hits: standout details of the Trek Madone SLR 9 AXS

More aero than a Gen 7 Madone and nearly as light as the Emonda.
For that reason the Emonda is leaving the Trek lineup.
Comfort is the most noticeable part of the ride experience.
There’s a high quality outfront mount.
Power meter is included with SRAM builds.
Aero cages will take standard bottles.
Trek Project One allows you to get the exact bike you want.
Sizing changes from numbers to T-shirt style of small, medium, etc.

Trek Madone SLR 9 AXS frame details

The Gen 8 Trek Madone, is an attempt by Trek to turn back the clock. The Emonda came to market as a solution for a problem. Now there’s a better solution and Trek is recombining the Madone and the Emonda. The question is, can you do that without losing anything?

To answer that, Trek started by looking to add aerodynamics to the Emonda. Pretty quickly it was clear that a weight first focus wouldn’t cut it. You can add aerodynamics to a lightweight frame but it’s not as difficult as it once was to match the UCI minimum weight. A brand either has to blow past the UCI weight limit, ala the Specialized Aethos , or make an aero bike just light enough.

Having once again proven that, Trek started expanding the possibilities. Instead of a new Emonda, the goal was now to create a bike that was faster than both the Emonda and the Madone on any gradient between zero and 12 percent.

To get there, Trek developed a pair of algorithms that would both develop cross section shapes and test them. You can think of it as a brute force attack on aerodynamics and it allowed a speed of testing that would otherwise be impossible. This process led to a new shape called “Pareto” that’s more square than previously thought efficient. It minimizes weight while maximizing aerodynamics and it provides a range of options.

With that in mind, the next stage of development was to use those new building blocks to create a bike. Some of the shapes identified were lighter, some more aero, and the team used a combination of CFD and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to find the best places for different shapes. Instead of simply trying to use the most aero option at every opportunity, Trek instead takes a system approach the brand is calling “Full System Foil.”

The idea here is that air flows at different speeds around different parts of the bike. Interactions at the front of the bike, or with the rider, sometimes slow it down and sometimes speed it up. Knowing this means different solutions are needed in different places. A chunky downtube that’s lighter and less aero makes sense because the front wheel slows the air. This slower air means low-drag shapes are less important for the downtube. At the same time, the legs of the rider actually speed up the airflow as it passes through. For that reason the area where you’d normally find a seat tube and post benefits from aero shapes and Trek uses the isoFlow design with aero shapes for the seat mast and post.

The last example Trek gives is the new Aero RSL Road integrated bar/stem. This is another piece that’s actually slower if you look at it in isolation. That increased drag is intentional though. According to Trek, the “wake of the thicker handlebar slightly reduces drag on the pedaling legs by slowing down the air in front of them.” Given that a rider’s legs are a bigger drag contributor, the net effect is a gain.

Overall, those little details are the point. Each little aero detail adds up and Trek quotes a 0.1 watt saving at 22 mph for the Madone Gen 8 vs Gen 7. If that sounds small, it is — but a win is a win and the numbers compared to the old Madone aren’t that important anyway. The place where you see bigger numbers is when compared to the Emonda. That comparison shows an 11.3 watt advantage at 22 mph while also dropping the weight to a 36 gram penalty for the vastly more aero bike. If you are curious, there’s also a savings of 322 grams for the frame and fork when compared to the Gen 7 Madone.

Trek Madone SLR Geometry

Although the various geometry options disappeared before this generation, that continues. There’s no longer a reference to various names and it’s the same as the previous h1.5. There’s also less sizes covering more range with a move from eight options, labeled using the seat tube length, down to six options labeled XS-XL. As you move up and down those sizes, Trek is offering size-specific tube shapes to go with them. Smaller and larger bikes will now have better balanced stiffness, better aesthetics, and actual wind tunnel testing.

Builds and pricing

Frame: 900 Series OCLV Carbon, Full System Foil tube shaping, IsoFlow seat tube, RCS Headset System, electronic-only routing, removable aero chainkeeper, T47 BB, flat mount disc, UDH, 142x12mm thru axle

Fork: Madone Gen 8 full carbon, tapered carbon steerer, internal brake routing, flat mount disc, 12x100mm chamfered thru axle

Shared with every build option: T47 bottom bracket standard, RSL Aero Bottle and Cage system, UDH (universal derailleur hanger), 32 mm max tyre clearance

Frame: 500 Series OCLV Carbon, Full System Foil tube shaping, IsoFlow seat tube, RCS Headset System, electronic or mechanical routing, removable aero chainkeeper, T47 BB, flat mount disc, UDH, 142x12mm thru axle

Shared with every build option: T47 bottom bracket standard, UDH (universal derailleur hanger), 32 mm max tyre clearance

Trek Madone build details

One of the innovations that comes to the Gen 8 Trek Madone is the new full carbon one-piece fork. The same fork comes on every model of the bike but there’s also an updated 900 series OCLV carbon only available for the SLR builds. Along with the new carbon, the SLR builds also bring the addition of the one-piece bar and stem, electronic only groupset compatibility, and the aero bottle system. If you do decide to start with an SL build, the bar/stem and the aero bottle system are available as aftermarket accessories.

Among the build options you will also find customization options. If you prefer a frameset only, there’s one available in both carbon options. If you’d rather have a complete build but you want to customize the details, check out Project One. If you, like me, prefer better climbing gears and a 1:1 ratio, you could change the gearing that comes with your bike as well as any other sizing details. You can also adjust components up or down and there’s plenty of paint options. Depending on budget you can stick to picking a simple color scheme for no up-charge or take a look at the Project One ICON series premium paint schemes. Launching with the bike is a new option in that lineup called Chroma Interstellar.

Ride experience

Sometimes testing doesn’t go according to plan. My plan with this bike was to cap off more than a month of riding with it by doing a roughly 230-mile ride from my house to the coast and back. I’d written headlines talking about spending 15-hours (just a guess) on it and I’d prepared the bike. After 10 miles, my riding partner and I collided, the bike went down, and the UDH broke. The ride was over. I could hide that but I think there’s value in what it says about the Trek Madone Gen 8 even if it didn’t go off as planned.

The idea of the trip came to me because of how this bike felt. From the very first moment I swung my leg over it, I was immediately blown away by how smooth it is. The terrible pavement as I leave my neighborhood is nearly imperceptible on the Madone. As I went over a rough wooden bridge on a later ride I realized that it was actually a moment I could attack as my buddy slowed. At one point I even started to wonder how well it would do off-road on its max 32 mm tires.

I initially worried that it was smooth because it had a lot of flex but as soon as you stand, you know that’s not the case. My notes from those early rides are all questions trying to get to the bottom of when it feels stiff vs compliant. The more I tested, the more amazed I was with the dual nature of the latest Madone.

If you cruise with it, it’s smooth and comfortable. If you push it, the bike responds. Stand to sprint and it feels like a different bike. When it’s time to climb, the 6.9kg (as measured ready to ride minus pedals) and stiff frame are willing partners. This dual nature is backed up with a comfortable riding position as well.

Like with the Enve Melee , holding the tops puts you somewhat upright. Trek counters the upright position with the Trek Aero RSL Road integrated bar/stem that uses a proven trick of simply being narrow. Size it like other bars on the market and you’ll notice narrower hoods that provide a big aero upgrade. I tend to find this unnoticeable and, given it’s faster, that’s a good thing. The only detail I would love to see addressed is the narrow, rounded, nature of the bar immediately behind the controls. If this was my bike, I’d want to add a bit more padding right there.

As far as the rest of the finishing kit goes, there’s not a single detail I can complain about. Bontrager Aeolus Pro 51 TLR Disc Road Wheel shrugged off crosswinds and felt fast. The Aero bottles are very usable plus offer an easy 3ish watts savings depending on speed (3.7 watts at 45 km/h) and I love the outfront mount. That’s something I often complain about because it can be such an annoyance when it’s not right, but this time Trek nailed it. Even the included saddle is great and actually a piece I’ve used on other bikes a number of times over the years. If any of those details, including specifics like gearing, aren’t quite right for you, then Project One will fix it without issue.

Trek Madone Gen 8 ready for long distance

The Gen 8 Trek Madone is the kind of bike I want to share with you. When I packed it up to head to the beach, I swapped out the aero bottles for a set of HydraPak Breakaway+ 30oz bottles (with the filter swapped for standard tops) and it just worked without issue. Then I added the light mount and attached an Outbound Lighting Detour . Again, everything just worked.

That idea of things just working is what I look for in a bike. Trek wants to talk about smashing an aero bike and a climbing bike together but that’s only part of the story. The Madone is so comfortable, smooth, and usable that Trek is really offering one bike to cover all of your needs. If you want to do some kind of huge ride, that’s a five-minute swap from fast bike to long distance bike. If you want to take a bike out climbing grab this one. If you have a fast and flat day, the Madone works there too.

However you decide to use it, Trek thought through all the little details. Creating a good quality outfront mount is a small thing that has a big impact on your experience of riding a bike, Trek nailed that for you. There’s aero bottles but they are good for drinking water and you can also use standard bottles if you need to. You can go fast or slow over rough or smooth pavement and the Gen 8 Trek Madone is a capable partner. If there’s anything you want changed, Trek makes it easy to customize your build. Even the builds with included power meter are part of the picture. Nothing ever feels cheap and, sadly, that’s not always true even on a bike this expensive.

The only thing that kept sticking in my mind during this test was whether I wanted a bike this smooth all the time. The first time I took it out I’d just gotten off my Look 795 Blade RS while testing the Specialized Roval Rapide CLX II wheels. The Trek is just as fast, I actually matched my fastest time, but it doesn’t feel as fast. The Look is a visceral ride with controls that are two inches lower. It’s not smooth, it requires a good stretch before and after a ride, and the combination of those wheels and the Hope RX4+ brakes make for a lot of noises. When you ride that bike, you feel like you are pulling the performance out of it. The Trek Madone is just as fast but it lacks all the drama. Is that a good thing?

Would you prefer a bike that’s borderline uncomfortable but very engaging or a bike that’s precise and smooth but feels a little less heroic? If you want a go fast bike that can do anything you ask, no drama included, check out the latest Trek Madone.

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Results have arrived, trek madone size chart.

Find the right sized 2023 Trek Madone based on rider height with our size chart and geometry chart. Also browse new and used Trek Madone road bikes for sale with TPC - The Pro's Closet.

Trek Madone Geometry: 2022 - 2023

Bikes are meant to be used.

Madone SLR 6 AXS Gen 7

"Every inch an aero race bike"

"One of the most visually striking and competent aero bikes available today...More aero, less weight, less complication."

"Revolutionary"

"The brand new Trek Madone comes with a revolutionary design, but retains the neat and powerful look of its previous iterations."

"Ticks all of the boxes"

"The new design ticks all of the requisite boxes for top-tier road racing machines: Lighter-weight, more aerodynamic, and more integration."

"Lighter than ever"

"The most significant new bike to be seen [at the Tour de France] thanks to its radical aero design"

Which generation is right for you?

Keep speed smooth with Madone Gen 6’s IsoSpeed vibration-damping tech, or go next-level with Gen 7’s aero and comfort-boosting IsoFlow.

Service manual

Time to bust out the repair stand for some maintenance? Find a detailed breakdown of your bike with part numbers, torque values, and platform-specific tech instructions below.

Join cycling’s most exclusive club

Get incredible benefits, like concierge support and a private tour of Trek Headquarters, when you purchase any Project One or SLR level road bike.

Madone goes green at La Vuelta

After three grueling weeks (and three stage wins), Mads Pederson wins the green jersey aboard a custom-painted Madone SLR at Vuelta.

Designing for speed

Trek's lead aerodynamicist breaks down the science behind our fastest road race bike ever.

World Champ Pedigree

Madone is the bike of choice for Mads Pedersen, UCI Road World Champion.

The always-on team

Research shows the single most impactful measure you can take to stand out to motorists is to use front and rear Daytime Running Lights. The team uses them on every training ride, any time of day—and they’ve found that these lights truly make a difference.

Product features

Unprecedented aerodynamics.

All-new aerodynamic Kammtail frame shapes, bar/stem design, and rider position make Madone SLR our fastest road race bike yet.

Exclusive IsoFlow technology

Never before seen IsoFlow technology specifically designed for the 7th generation Madone SLR shaves weight, improves aerodynamics, and smooths your ride.

Our lightest Madone disc ever

Super lightweight 800 Series OCLV Carbon and a new lightweight design make this our lightest Madone disc ever.

New ergonomic bar/stem

A newly optimized bar/stem that’s 3cm narrower in the hoods than the drops offers a more comfortable and ergonomic riding position for faster racing, improved aerodynamics, and ultimate control. Use the same bar/stem size you’re used to – if you normally ride with a 42cm bar/stem, opt for 42cm in the drops and 39cm in the hoods.

Refined integration

Every element of this bike is part of a greater whole. It has invisible cable routing, aero cockpit, hidden seatmast, and more.

Integrated power meter

This bike helps you get the most out of every ride with a SRAM power meter that measures your input and provides accurate data, allowing you to track your progress and tailor your training to crush your goals.

Don’t forget your pedals

This bike doesn’t come with pedals because you’ll have a better time on your new bike if you choose your own. See the pedal guide to find the best pedals for your riding style. We recommend clipless road pedals for control and efficiency.

Invisible cable routing

The brake and shift cables of the most aerodynamic bike are routed through the frame for the ultimate in sleek, aerodynamic performance.

Carbon Care Wheel Loyalty Program

Every set of Bontrager carbon wheels is backed by the Carbon Care Wheel Loyalty Program. In the unlikely event that you damage your Bontrager carbon wheels within the first two years of ownership, we’ll repair or replace them for free.

Project One

Don't settle for anyone else's bike. Create your very own with Project One, Trek's custom bike program.

Blendr stem

Bontrager stem technology lets you clip your gear directly to the stem for clean looks, maximum user friendliness.

H1.5 geometry, developed with Trek-Segafredo pro cycling teams, puts the rider in the optimal aero race position. It’s the sweet spot for what our racers want.

Warrantied for life

Carbon wheels can lighten your ride and improve your performance—and when you ride Bontrager, your investment is protected. All Bontrager carbon wheels are backed by a lifetime warranty for the original owner.

How tall are you?

To measure your height, stand straight up, barefoot, with your back, heels, shoulders and head all touching a wall. While looking straight ahead, place a book or straight edge on your head and slowly push it against the wall. Your straight edge should be parallel with the floor. Mark the spot where the bottom of the book is touching the wall. The distance from the marked spot to the floor is your height.

What is your inseam?

How to measure: Stand barefoot with your back straight and against a wall. Tuck a ruler or something that extends to the floor between your legs. Using both hands, and keeping it level, pull the ruler up into your crotch as if you were sitting on the saddle. Measure the distance from the top edge of the ruler to the ground to find your inseam measurement. Your inseam is very important to your final bike size so please measure carefully.

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3 fundamentals of correct bike size - 2022 trek madone.

The following chart provides a rule of thumb approach to determine your 2021 Madone bike size based on your height. This is a simple approach to a complex situation, but it is accurate in the majority of cases. Of course, the length of your limbs is not factored into the table below and long or short limbs or torso can play a big role in determining the right bike size for you.

In addition your riding style can influence your choice; if you like a more aggressive bike, you may prefer a smaller frame; if you prefer a more upright position, you may prefer a large frame. If you are 'between sizes', give this consideration when making your selection.

The 2021 Trek Madone is produced in sizes 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62

2022 Trek Madone Road Bike Size / Fit Basics

Before you purchase your new road bike, you need to ensure the frame meets 3 basic size requirements: stand-over, reach, seat height.

1. Stand-over

Stand-over is the measurement of the height of the bikes top-tube from the ground at its midpoint.

Ok, so why is it so important? Simply put, if you are travelling along on your bike and you need to stop in a hurry, you'll have to jump forward, landing on the ground, standing with your legs on each side of the top tube. Having the correct Stand-over will ensure you do not impact your groin area during this situation.

How to test it.

When you stand-over the midpoint of the bike, with shoes on, you should be able to lift the bike up until there is a 2 cm gap between the tyres and the floor - without the frame coming in contact with your groin.

If you are looking at the best size option based on a geometry chart, measure from inner leg to floor (with shoes on), remove 2cm and test that measurement against the bikes geometry chart. For the Trek Madone, this is measurement L in the Geometry diagram below.

Get this one wrong, and you may be in for a world of back pain. Whether that is upper or lower back pain will depend on whether you buy, or are sold , a bike that is too big or too small for you. Buy the correct size bike and your hours of saddle time will actually strengthen your core and back, not hinder it.

The Reach is the distance your hands project forward to comfortably rest on bars and manipulate the brakes and gears.

How to test it.

The quickest test of correct reach is to sit in the correct riding position on the bike (a trainer is great for this or if that is available, take the bike for a quick ride or balance against a wall with someone's assistance).

Sit on the bike in a neutral position with your hands resting on the hoods (illustrated above) and your head in a natural riding position - eyes looking forward. Now look down at the front wheel hub/axel. If the position is correct the bars should block your view of the hub/axel. If you can see the hub/axel in-front of the bars, the bike is too small. If you can see the hub/axel behind the bars, the bike is too large.

Stem length obviously plays a role here. However, if you are buying a bike from a store, it should be equipped with the correct size stem for the frame. Ideally, you should only have to swap stems if you have a particularly long or short torso.

Your saddle can be moved forward or back on the 'rails' to make small adjustments to your reach outcome. If the bike is the correct size for you, you should not have to move it all the way forward or all the way back.

3. Seat Height

Seat height impacts on comfort and performance - correct seat height optimises both. Your seat needs to allow for an efficient and powerful pedal stroke while maintaining you in a balanced, static and comfortable seated position.

It is also important to note that your seat needs to be in the correct position to properly determine your reach (above).

This is a simple and quick way to ensure a powerful and efficient seat height position. Sitting on your bike, rest your heal on your pedal when it is in the lowest (6 O'clock) position.

You need to check two things now and you will need another person to assist with this. Check that your leg is fully and comfortably extended. At the same time, when viewed from behind, your hips should be level. If required, adjust the seat height to achieve the ideal balance of full leg extension and level hip placement. When this is resolved, returning you foot the usual cleated cycling position should achieve the correct amount of knee bend.

One Extra! - Bar Drop

The position of the bars relative to the seat. This is the bike fit positioning that can cause a lot of trouble and one that we recommend determining over time and with the assistance of a professional bike fitter.

If you are new to cycling with average fitness and flexibility, err on the side of positioning your bars at the top of the steerer with one spacer above the stem. This will allow options to lower the bars over time as your fitness, flexibility and riding continue to evolve.

Does this position influence which size bike to purchase? That should be a secondary consideration after first determining which frame geometry is appropriate for you. If your flexibility is limited (or not what it used to be), you may be best to consider a frame with endurance geometry to ensure a higher front end and a more relaxed position on the bike.

Trek Madone SL6 & SL7 Geometry Diagram

Trek Madone SL6 & SL7 Geometry Chart

Trek madone sizes 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62.

Trek Madone SL6 & SL7 Size Chart

The following chart provides a rule of thumb approach to determine your bike size based on your height. This is a simple approach to a complex situation, but it is accurate in the majority of cases. Of course, the length of your limbs is not factored into the table below and long or short limbs or torso can play a big role in determining the right bike size for you.

Trek Madone sizes 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62

Compare to your bike .

2021 Trek Madone Bike Size Key Measurements

If you already own a road bike and are happy with the fit. It is good to know you bike fit basics by measuring your seat height, reach, and bar drop.

Seat Height - Your seat height is the distance from the centre of the bottom bracket to top of the saddle when running the tape parallel to the seat post. See the purple line in the diagram above.

Bar Reach - The distance from the front tip of saddle to centre of the bars (where the stem cap contacts with the stem). Keep the tape running parallel to ground. See the green line in the diagram above.

Bar Drop - The handlebar drop is the distance from the centre of the bars to the centre of the hub. See the red line in the diagram above.

Once you have these recorded, you can then quickly check how your bike setup will work with the bike you are test riding, renting or just throwing a leg over in a store.

About Livelo

We don't sell new road bikes, but we do work with a lot of bike brands across our global road bike rental business. We fit thousands of our clients on bikes each year across a broad range of brands and road models. Based on this experience we know there are lots of great bikes available in todays market, but getting that one that is just right for you is a complex. You have to satisfy, the body, the head and the heart.

We are happy to give you some unbiased advice on your road bike needs. We won't be trying to sell you a bike, we will be trying to be helpful. You can contact us here if you would like to talk bikes,

We do have Trek Madone's available for rent/test ride a in Thousand Oaks , San Mateo , Arlington, Washington, and Canberra and can help out in many cities in addition to this. Just reach out.

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Rider Notes

2018 Trek Madone 9.0

A carbon frame aero bike with high-end components and rim brakes. Compare the full range

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Based on frame geometry and build specs.

A bike with lower gearing will be easier to ride up steep hills, while a higher top end means it will pedal faster down hills.

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Do you have this bike? Help other riders make a decision about which size will work for them by sharing your own size and fit notes. Report your fit

Dec 2019 · Symon Lewis

Cycling Weekly has shown that the Trek Madone is one of the fastest aero bikes available today, but has the update with discs made it even better? I certainly think so

Ride quality

Performance

Read Review

Jun 2019 · David Arthur @davearthur

Seriously fast aero race bike with great handling, but not the smoothest and not the ultimate spec it should be

Jul 2018 · Dan Cavallari

Trek has fine-tuned its IsoSpeed Decoupler, improved the fit, and added disc brakes, making this edition of the Madone even better.

It might look the same on the outside, but underneath it's an all new Madone

Jul 2018 · Philippe Tremblay

New aero road bike gets features for increased comfort, customization and aerodynamics

Feb 2018 · Peter Stuart

The Trek Madone 9 is a rather special aerodynamic redesign of the flagship Project One bike.

Feb 2018 · James Huang

The Madone is the oldest model name in the current Trek road lineup, with the first dating back to 2003. That nameplate has worn several hats in that time, but it’s always represented the best that road bike Trek had to offer. The latest generation is no different, offering cutting-edge aerodynamics, an incredible level of […]

Dec 2017 · Ben Delaney

An exceptionally smooth and fast aero bike, but with a relatively tall front end, toe overlap and limited saddle-height adjustment. Buy if you want a comfortable aero bike with an adjustable handlebar

Tangibly fast and blatantly comfortable, very good braking for aero calipers, well-thought-out integration

Steep price, tight fit parameters, toe overlap

First added July 21

Last updated February 15

Not listed for 2,368 days

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Trek Madone SLR 9

AUS $ NZD $ USD $ CAD $ GBP £ EUR €

Size / 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62

Weight / 56 - 7.60 kg / 16.76 lbs

At a glance

Where to buy.

"A Belgian outsider steals the show in Italy"

"Jasper Stuyven wins Milano-Sanremo and claims the biggest victory of his career."

Specifications

Frame 800 Series OCLV Carbon, KVF (Kammtail Virtual Foil) tube shape, adjustable top tube IsoSpeed, invisible cable routing, 3S aero chain keeper, T47 BB, DuoTrap S compatible, flat mount disc, 142x12mm thru axle
Fork Madone KVF full carbon, tapered carbon steerer, invisible cable routing, flat mount disc, carbon dropouts, 12x100mm thru axle
Wheels Bontrager Aeolus RSL 51, OCLV Carbon, Tubeless Ready, 100x12mm thru axle
Chain Shimano Dura-Ace/XTR M9100, 12 speed
Crank Size: 47 Shimano Dura-Ace R9200, 52/36, 165mm length Size: 50, 52
Shifters Shimano Dura-Ace R9270 Di2, 12 speed
Brakeset Shimano MT900, centerlock, 160mm
Handlebar Size: 47 Trek Madone adjustable aero VR-CF, OCLV Carbon, invisible cable routing, 93mm reach, 123mm drop, 38cm width Size: 50, 52 Trek Madone adjustable aero VR-CF, OCLV Carbon, invisible cable routing, 93mm reach, 123mm drop, 40cm width
Saddle Size: 47, 50, 52 Size: 54, 56, 58, 60, 62
Seatpost Size: 47, 50, 52, 54, 56 Madone aero carbon internal seatmast cap, integrated light mount, 5mm offset, short length Size: 58, 60, 62 Madone aero carbon internal seatmast cap, integrated light mount, 5mm offset, tall length
Stem Size: 47, 50, 52, 54 Trek Madone aero, invisible cable routing, 7 degree, 90mm length Size: 56, 58 Trek Madone aero, invisible cable routing, 7 degree, 100mm length

Q: Where to buy a 2022 Trek Madone SLR 9?

The 2022 Trek Madone SLR 9 may be purchased directly from Trek .

Q: How much does a 2022 Trek Madone SLR 9 weigh?

A 2022 Trek Madone SLR 9 weights 56 - 7.60 kg / 16.76 lbs.

Q: What size 2022 Trek Madone SLR 9 should I get?

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Trek Does It All with the New Madone

Trek’s new eighth-generation Madone is lightweight, aerodynamic, and fast—the road bike raced by Lidl-Trek in the 2024 Tour de France.

Takeaway: For the eighth iteration of its legendary Madone road bike, Trek blended the low weight of the Emonda with the aerodynamics of the seventh-generation Madone. The result is a light, stiff, and fast all-around race bike. While the flagship SLR9 costs over $13,000, base-level Madone SL models start at $3,500.

Price as Tested: $13,500 Weight: 15.3 lbs (Size M, bottle cages, computer mount, no pedals)

Trek Madone SLR 9 AXS Gen 8

Jordan Roessingh, Director for Road Bikes at Trek, candidly confirmed that the new Madone actually started life as the next Émonda. “We constantly get the same feedback from our pro riders,” Roessingh said. “They tell us that they love how fast the Madone is, but could we make it lighter or they love how light the Émonda is, but could we make it more aero?”

Trek set out to make a more aerodynamic Émonda, and what they ended up with was a bike that had the same frame weight as the Émonda but was as quick as the Madone against the wind.

When your aero bike is as light as your climbing bike, or your climbing bike is as aero as your aero bike, there doesn’t seem to be a point to having two bikes anymore. So, while fans of the Émonda might be sad to see the bike go, it makes way for the return of the Madone as the ultimate road racing bike in Trek’s lineup. And this feels right, given the rich history of the Madone name.

Since it launched in 2003, the Madone name has always designated Trek’s fastest drop-bar race bike. That has meant different things at different points, with older models of the Madone leaning heavily on low weight and high stiffness while more recent models became all-out aero. Now that Trek returns the Madone to a do-it-all role, is it the best road racing bike Trek can make?

After spending the last two months riding the new Madone 8, my short answer is yes.

The new bike delivers the performance I expect from a five-figure top-of-line road bike made by a brand like Trek. For the steep price of entry, you get a bike that manages to be damn near perfect in terms of weight, stiffness, and road manners. And while all of that is important, it would matter little to bike racers (for whom the Madone is explicitly designed) if it wasn’t also fast.

Based on Trek’s provided data and my testing, the new Madone is definitely fast. But that declaration comes with a long list of caveats.

Speed is Aerodynamics In 2024

In 2011, Specialized first told us that “Aero is everything.” Knowing what I know now about the importance of aerodynamics in the context of racing, they certainly weren’t wrong. But marketing slogans are made to be catchy and concise and “Aero is everything until you build a bike that’s really heavy and doesn’t ride all that well. So maybe a bike that prioritizes aerodynamics without sacrificing weight and ride quality would be better,” does not quite roll off the tongue as easily.

Trek claims that the new Madone is as fast as the previous generation and is heaps quicker than the Émonda. The strategy to achieve this aerodynamic performance is called “Full System Foil,” where the bike is viewed not only as a cross-section of its tube shapes but as a much larger airfoil shape that includes the water bottles and wheels.

This isn’t a particularly new or earth-shattering concept. Manufacturers have designed (or at least tested) their frames around specific wheels (usually their own) for a while now. Using water bottles to fill the space between the down tube and the seat tube to smooth the airflow over a frame is also not new. It has been done on time trial and triathlon bikes for years. BMC has done it on their aero-focused time machine road bike since 2018. Cannondale recently introduced aerodynamic water bottles and cages on its all-around race bike, the SuperSix Evo , in 2023.

The cynical reading of what Trek does with the new Madone and its aerodynamic performance claims relative to the previous (and more obviously aerodynamic Madone Gen 7) is that directly comparing the two bikes is not apples-to-apples.

Trek’s claimed figures use a Madone 8 with the brand’s new aero bottles versus a Madone 7 with round bidons. In this comparison, the new Madone (at straighter yaw angles) is slightly faster than the outgoing Madone. At higher yaw angles (beyond 10º), the deeper frame tubes of the Madone 7 make it quicker than the new Madone. And when comparing the new and old Madone, with both bikes using round bottles, the results flip. According to Trek, the Madone 7 is about 1.6 watts more slippery at 22 mph.

It’s also worth dwelling for a moment on the yaw angle differences. My colleague Matt Phillips pointed this out in his review of the Specialized Tarmac SL8 , another new bike that balances optimizing aerodynamics, ride comfort, and weight. In that review, Matt points out that a rider’s speed affects the wind angles they encounter. Pro riders naturally encounter more direct (low yaw) wind angles because they (typically) ride much faster than amateur riders. Riders moving at slower average speeds will more likely encounter higher wind angles.

Trek’s aerodynamic claims for the Madone 8 are based on a rider moving at 22 mph. That is more real-world than Specialized data for the Tarmac SL8, which is based on someone moving at 28 mph.

Still, 22 mph is plenty fast for a lot of people. My rides typically average about 18 mph. At slower speeds, where the rider is more likely to encounter higher yaw angles of wind, the previous Madone will likely be faster. Strap the new Aero bottles on it, and it will almost certainly be quicker than the new Madone regardless of the wind derection.

But the gains in the Madone 8’s aerodynamics are not only down to the water bottles. Trek also introduced a new handlebar, which, when tested in isolation (without a rider on the bike), is slower than the previous handlebar. However, as part of the system with a rider on the bike, the new taller and blunter profile measures faster as it helps to smooth the airflow over the rider’s legs.

If I stop being a cycling media cynic for a minute, I can see where Trek comes from in how it designed the new Madone. Sure, there is broad acceptance across cycling to the benefits of aerodynamics, yet despite this, riders still love lightweight and snappy-feeling bicycles. With the design and packaging of the new Madone, Trek can say that the new bike is faster.

However, the issue with judging aerodynamic gains is the numerous “it depends” moments. Most of these depend on how each individual bike is equipped for testing. Using aero bottles for one frame but round ones for another is obvious, but even something less apparent, like a different handlebar shape or a different-sized rider (if you’re testing with a rider), could give different results.

To put it in perspective, Trek claims the new bike is 1.6 watts faster at 22 mph. That’s not nothing. But it’s also fair to point to the basically square downtube of the new Madone and say that Trek perhaps has left some potential aerodynamic gains on the table to make a lighter and better riding bike. And to be perfectly honest, I’m not that upset about it.

New Sizing, Similar Geometry

Long-time Trek fans will remember when the brand offered two different fits on its top-of-the-line road bikes: H1 fit, designed for pro athletes, and H2 for the riding public. This gave riders a choice of stack and reach figures. The H1 and H2 fits were eventually consolidated into what Trek dubbed H1.5. But the H1.5 designation didn’t make a ton of sense (since it referred to a geometry philosophy that no longer existed), so Trek rebranded H1.5 into “Road Race” geometry.

This rebrand comes with Trek changing its numeral sizing (51, 53, 55, etc) to T-shirt sizing (XS, S, M, etc). This is another change that makes sense to me as modern bikes rarely have a tube on them that actually measures close to their designated size number.

The big geometry shake-up with the new Madone is that Trek reduced the bike from eight sizes on the Madone 7 to six. This was accomplished by merging the 52cm and 54cm sizes into a Medium option and the 60cm and 62cm sizes into an Extra Large. Brands often reduce model options at each end of the size spectrum (to the detriment of shorter or taller riders), so it’s unsurprising that Trek merged the 60cm and 62cm. But it surprised me to see the 52cm and 54cm sizes combined.

Looking closer at the two sizes from the previous generation Madone, I was shocked at how close they were to each other. The bikes had only a 3mm difference in reach and an 8mm difference in stack. The new frame size has a few millimeters more stack than the old 54cm and 1mm more reach than the old 52cm.

I’m a rider who often chooses between these two sizes. For example, I’m happy to ride 54cm bikes from Specialized while I opt for 52cm frames from other brands like Enve or a size S from Giant. The new Medium-sized Madone I tested worked very well when paired with a 110mm stem and a zero-offset seatpost.

Still, I expect the merging of two sizes right in the middle of the size range, despite how close they are in practice, will cause some consternation for riders.

Models and Pricing

Trek offers the new Madone in nine complete bike builds and two frameset options. These are split between the more affordable Madone SL and a higher-end Madone SLR. Both bikes share the same frame shape and geometry, but the Madone SL uses a heavier 500 series OCLV carbon compared to the Madone SLR’s 900 series.

All versions of the Madone SL come equipped with a standard two-piece bar and stem. Riders who want the full aero benefits of the new bike will have to buy the aero bottles separately. A single bottle and cage set is $100, with replacement bottles at $25 each.

Four complete Madone SL bikes are offered, starting with the Madone SL 5 ($3,500), which features mechanical shifting using Shimano’s 12-speed 105.

The Madone SL 6 costs $5,500 and comes with a Shimano 105 Di2 groupset and Bontrager Aeolus Elite 35 carbon wheels. There is also a SRAM Rival AXS build of the Madone SL 6, which costs an additional $500.

At the top of the SL range is the Madone SL 7 ($6,500). This model upgrades to a Shimano Ultegra Di2 groupset, plus it uses a carbon handlebar and the deeper Bontrager Aeolus Pro 51 carbon wheels.

Next on the price pyramid is the Madone SLR 7 ($9,000). It features the same build kit as the SL 7, but for the extra $2,500, riders get the lighter-weight SLR frame, the aero bottles, nicer tires, and the one-piece RSL bar/stem. For $500 more, riders can opt for a SRAM Force AXS version of the same bike.

Finally, there are the SLR 9 flagship options. Riders can choose a Shimano Dura-Ace Di2 bike for $13,000 or one with the new SRAM Red AXS for $13,500.

Riders looking to do a frame-up build can pick between the Madone SL frameset, which costs $3,000, and the Madone SLR frameset at $6,000.

Ride Impressions

I don’t think there’s any point in dancing around it, Trek made a good bike with the latest version of the Madone—which is hardly a surprise. When you’re twenty-one years into developing a platform and are on the eighth version of it, I’m not going to say it’s impossible to make it bad, but it’s certainly difficult. This expertise, combined with wider tires that make current road racing bikes ride more comfortably than bikes from only a few years prior, I expected the new Madone to impress. And it delivered.

The new Madone is a big step forward from the previous generation Madone 7 in its enjoyability. Stomp on the pedals and the new Madone has plenty of snap, but crucially, it is vastly superior in seated comfort compared to the 7.

I complained about Trek shipping the previous Madone with 25mm wide tires, which honestly felt insane to me back in 2022 when I tested the bike. Thankfully, the new Madone ships with 28mm rubber that measures 29.5mm on the Bontrager Aeolus RSL 51 wheels. The wider tires certainly help with how pleasant the new bike feels on the road, but you still wouldn’t mistake the Madone for an endurance bike. This race bike provides excellent road feedback to the rider. You don’t float over the road on the new Madone, but it doesn’t beat you up while riding.

The next big thing I felt about the new Madone was its low weight. I clearly remember testing the Madone 7 (only two years ago), that top-level build with SRAM Red and the same wheels was 16.2 pounds (without pedals, cages, or a computer mount). The new Madone 8 I rode is nearly a pound lighter at 15.3 lbs. And impressively, that weight includes the aero bottle cages and a computer mount (but not pedals).

While we know that, empirically, bike weight has a much smaller impact on performance than we think, a lighter bike still feels awesome. When a brand charges five figures for a road bike, it should be really close to, if not below, the UCI minimum bike weight of 14.99 lbs. The previous generation Madone was never in danger of falling under that weight limit, but the new Madone should comfortably hit it with a lighter set of wheels and one or two other weight weenie changes. The Madone’s low weight and stiffness make it a fun bike to ride uphill.

Thankfully, Trek did not change the Madone 8’s handling compared to the previous version. It’s still an exceptionally well-balanced bike. Racers will find steering that, while rapid, isn’t a handful. The Madone is very stable at speed while remaining exceptionally reactive to rider inputs.

I logged quite a few miles on the new Madone and while I know that sensations are not statistics, the new Madone feels very fast. On a flat and fast weekly group ride I do, I found myself rolling off the front of the group when it was my turn to take a pull at the front. Despite the lack of deep aero tubes, the new Madone certainly has the sensation of speed that the best aero race bikes often possess. It’s best described as feeling like you’re riding with a permanent tailwind.

Conclusions on the New Madone

Combining two bikes into one is a surefire way to leave some cyclists wanting more. Some will want a more aerodynamic Madone. While others will rightly point out that Trek could have made an even lighter bike. However, the demands of modern racing often require a bike that is both aerodynamic and lightweight.

I appreciate the raw speed of an all-out aero bike. Yet bikes like that are never at the top of my dream bike ownership list. Instead, I’ve gravitated to more all-around performers, if not straight-up weight weenie dream bikes like the Specialized Aethos .

This is probably why I don’t mind Trek going with the happy medium. Even though a true Émonda rider would have wanted Trek to make the Émonda platform lighter versus more aero, I agree with Trek that the majority of Madone 7 riders—and most road riders in general—will appreciate the new Madone’s big weight reduction without taking a massive aerodynamic hit (at least on paper).

For riders with the taste and budget for this bike, the new Madone won’t disappoint. It’s a great road bike capable of competing at the highest level while offering an alternative to other high-end, do-it-all lightweight aero bikes, like the Pinarello Dogma F, Specialized Tarmac SL8, or Factor’s Ostro Vam. For cyclists seeking a bike like this but on a more limited budget, Trek offers one of the lowest-priced entry points into a high-end race bike its $3,500 Madone SL 5.

So, while the eighth-generation Madone might not be for everyone, Trek at least offers its latest race bike in a broader range of prices than the previous version, and that’s something worth celebrating.

Notes From the Field

Random observations from my time testing the bike..

Considering how important the new bottles are to the aero performance of the new Madone, it’s worth discussing them. There is an adjustment time to become accustomed to getting them in and out of the aero cages. The actual hold feels extremely secure. If anything, they are a bit harder to get in and out than I want them to be, but I got used to them after a few weeks of riding. My only real gripe with them is the valve. It takes more force to open and close than I want. Plus, the flow isn’t that great. A minor annoyance is that you can’t stand the bottles on their end to fill them. Fortunately, the aero cages can hold a traditional round bottle, or you can ditch the bottle and cages altogether if the extra aero gains aren’t that important to you.
Given I recently wrote a story on every bike being raced in the 2024 Tour de France , including all 18 of the World Tour teams, I’m rather confident that the new Madone is the only bike currently using a UDH derailleur hanger in the World Tour. This is great for everyday riders as it means a spare hanger should never be all that hard to find and this generation of Madone should be future-proofed for whatever drivetrain SRAM might have in the future.
While the battle against through-the-headset cable routing has been lost, Trek at least makes the latest Madone a little easier to live with. Trek offers separate headset and spacer options to match its RSL Aero one-piece bar/stem and its RCS Pro two-piece cockpit, but there is also a headset cap that allows riders to run whatever handlebar and stem they want. Trek even offers an alternative top cap that lets riders run a round spacer on top of the RSL Aero bar. This means riders can adjust their bar height without cutting brake hoses or trimming the steerer tube.
The included computer mount does not allow you to adjust the angle of your computer, which is annoying. Otherwise, it’s a tidy mount and a big improvement over the one used on the Madone 7.
The new saddle clamp design is a big highlight. It’s secure and features independent adjustments for the angle and fore/aft adjustments, which is a big improvement over Trek’s previous single bolt design.
The RSL Aero one-piece cockpit won’t please everyone. Personally, I found it quite comfy in both reach and drop shape. However, the back sweep on the tops might annoy some riders who prefer a straighter top section and spend lots of time with their hands there.

Test Editor Dan Chabanov got his start in cycling as a New York City bike messenger but quickly found his way into road and cyclocross racing, competing in professional cyclocross races from 2009 to 2019 and winning a Master’s National Championship title in 2018. Prior to joining Bicycling in 2021, Dan worked as part of the race organization for the Red Hook Crit, as a coach with EnduranceWERX, as well as a freelance writer and photographer.

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Trek Madone SLR 7 Gen 7 review - very fast and very expensive

The latest Madone may have a hole through the seat tube but we couldn't find any in its performance

Trek Madone SLR 7 gen 7 on a pink background

The Trek Madone is an absolute speed weapon. The deep-section tubes with the radical-looking cutout help, as does the newly designed handlebar, which is narrow and provides good wrist support for the ‘aero-hoods’ position. And then there are the 51mm deep Bontrager Aeolus Pro wheels. The handling is incredibly fast, responding to the smallest shift in weight and the tiniest tweaks of the bars, and ride quality is so impressive that it’s almost possible to overlook things like the narrow tires and ungenerous clearance - but you can’t ignore the price. If you have the budget and want a WorldTour-level race machine with exceptional handling and ride feel, this is the bike.

Super smooth ride

Light for an aero bike

Striking aesthetics

Limited adjustability

No power meter

You can trust Cycling Weekly. Our team of experts put in hard miles testing cycling tech and will always share honest, unbiased advice to help you choose. Find out more about how we test.

Construction

Value and conclusion

For this latest Gen 7 version of the Madone, Trek’s aero bike, the US brand removed the IsoSpeed Decoupler of the previous Gen 6 model and left, in its place, a big hole.

OK, it’s not the crude, reductionist approach it sounds like.

The old bike’s micro-adjustable suspension system at the top tube/seat tube juncture added weight and was mostly redundant since Trek discovered most riders would ‘set and forget’.

And by radically reengineering the frame Trek claims to have saved 300g, and says the new bike is almost 20 watts faster than its predecessor, which equates to 60 seconds per hour when ridden at 45kph. It looks radical, too - always a good thing for a new bike.

In our 2023 Race Bike of the Year grouptest we awarded the Madone 'best aero bike' against competition that included the Cervélo S5, the Canyon Aeroad and the Giant Propel.

However, over $9K / £10K for an Ultegra bike has to be unchartered territory - so how does it compare overall to the best road bikes ?

Trek Madone 7 Gen 7: construction

Trek Madone SLR 7 gen 7 IsoFlow hole through the seat tube

Let’s peer a bit more closely into that hole or, to give it its real name, IsoFlow. The aerodynamic explanation for it is: “It’s a way to direct some high energy flow into a low energy region of the bike.” What that means is that the seat tube area creates a disproportionate amount of drag and the hole helps to dissipate this by adding what Trek calls a “jet of fast moving air.”

It turns out that only half of the claimed watt saving comes from the IsoFlow hole. Trek has entered the integrated cockpit wars (along with Colnago, Canyon, Cervélo et al) with a completely new and very slick-looking design but it’s neither adjustable nor V-shaped: according to Trek it saves watts by changing rider position rather than via the aerodynamic properties of the cockpit itself.

A standard 42cm bar becomes 39cm at the hoods and 42cm at the drops and there’s a backsweep so that a flat-forearms aero position on the hoods becomes very aero indeed.

There are 14 different combinations available and, since the backsweep gives the bar a shorter reach, it’s important to get the right one - if you’re like those of us who rode this bike, you’ll need a longer stem. You can change this at point of purchase at no extra cost, Trek told us, or the 1 1/8in steerer is compatible with a non-integrated stem and bar (though the frame is electronic groupset only).

The same goes for the seatmast. The cutout in the seat tube leaves less room for a long seatpost and less adjustability (around 6cm minimum to maximum) so if you are long-legged but prefer a smaller frame you may need the tall version that comes with the size 56 upwards (as I ideally would have done). There are also two offsets available.

Our size 54 with a standard short mast could only manage a maximum saddle height of 74cm and the reach felt very short with the 90mm stem cockpit it comes with.

The latest geometry is called H1.5 (halfway between the old H1 race and H2 endurance). The reduced reach combined with the shorter reach of the swept-back bar works very well for that super aero hoods position, but it does feel surprisingly short. The kamm-tailed rear of the stem is much closer to your knees than you’d expect.

The new SLR bikes are all made from Trek’s 800 OCLV carbon - from the 105-equipped SLR 6 up to the flagship SLR 9 - and are impressively light, especially compared with other aero bikes such as the Cervelo S5. Trek says this is its lightest ever disc Madone.

There’s clearance for 28mm tires max, which is tight by modern standards. This model comes with Bontrager Aeolus Pro 51 tubeless-ready wheels, set up with Bontrager R3 Hard-Case Lite 25mm tires and inner tubes - again, surprisingly narrow.

Despite the fact that the fit wasn’t optimal - I could have done with the size up - the ride quality of the Madone is absolutely incredible. That’s the first thing that strikes you, or rather doesn’t strike you.

Aero bikes used to supply a harsher ride simply because deep, bladed tubing doesn’t flex like round tubing. This was undoubtedly the reason why Trek bolted the IsoSpeed decoupler onto the Madone two iterations ago. So you might expect that with its suspension system gone, the latest bike might have gone backwards in comfort. Not a bit of it.

It feels like a coiled carbon spring - full of potential energy and floating over bad road surfaces seemingly without any effect on its speed. And this is on 25mm tires that aren’t even the best (at this price they really ought to be).

The handling is also exactly right. The shortish 90mm stem section of the cockpit could have made it a little twitchy, but thanks to the sweeping shape I found my weight sufficiently over the front wheel in the hoods position, and steering was fast but balanced on descents and tight corners.

So it passes ‘comfortable’ and ‘fast’ with flying colors (actually Deep Smoke for this one).

At 7.5kg it’s light for an aero bike - or any disc brake bike - and it leaps up hills as if it weighs even less. I was so impressed with its performance that I kept forgetting Trek also has the Emonda climbing bike. The next Emonda has its work cut out (pun intended).

Finally, stability in crosswinds. There’s one particular gateway on my test loop where any bike not designed for big yaw angles will be gusted and the Trek was indeed blown sideways slightly - but not alarmingly considering the deep wheels and frame tubes.

This bike is incredibly good but it’s also incredibly expensive. It’s a full $1,000 / £1,000 more than the equivalent outgoing Gen 6 Madone SLR 7, and you’d have to look hard to find a more expensive Ultegra Di2-equipped bike from the other mainstream brands.

The Canyon Aeroad CFR with Dura-Ace costs $8,999 / £8,799, while the Cervelo S5 with SRAM Force AXS costs $9,000 / £9,200. The Giant Propel Advanced SL1 also with SRAM Force costs $8,000 / £8,999.

You might also reasonably expect a power meter at this price - those three bikes all come with them - but it’s just the regular Ultegra crankset here.

So the price is stratospheric but compared with the current aero bikes I’ve ridden so far including the Colnago V4RS , Canyon Aeroad SLX , Cervelo S5, Tarmac SL7 and Pinarello Dogma F, the ride quality is superior.

Frame: 800 Series OCLV carbon
Fork: KVF carbon, tapered steerer
Groupset: Shimano Ultegra Di2
Wheels : Bontrager Aeolus Pro 51
Tires : Bontrager R3 Hard-Case Lite 25mm
Cockpit: Madone integrated
Seatpost : Madone aero internal
Saddle: Bontrager Aeolus Elite
Weight: 7.5kg
Contact: www.trekbikes.com

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Simon Smythe is a hugely experienced cycling tech writer, who has been writing for Cycling Weekly since 2003. Until recently he was our senior tech writer. In his cycling career Simon has mostly focused on time trialling with a national medal, a few open wins and his club's 30-mile record in his palmares. These days he spends most of his time testing road bikes, or on a tandem doing the school run with his younger son.

A tradition in men’s racing, the woman who wins Stage 8 of this year’s Tour de France Femmes will have her name etched into one of the iconic 21 bends of Alpe d'Huez

By Anne-Marije Rook Published 11 August 24

valente celebrates winning the women's track cycling omnium event after the points race of the Paris 2024 Olympic Games at the Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines National Velodrome in Montigny-le-Bretonneux, south-west of Paris, on August 11, 2024. (Photo by Emmanuel DUNAND / AFP)

US rider defends her title in style as Great Britain's Neah Evans finishes down in 15th

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Trek Madone 4.6 WSD 2012 Technical specs and features

General specs of trek madone 4.6 wsd bicycle, wheels and breaking system, frame and body specifications, gearing specs, trek madone 4.6 wsd fork system data, other specs of trek madone 4.6 wsd, trek madone 4.6 wsd picture, madone 4.6 wsd bike comparison.

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Trek Madone 4.6 WSD bike review

Trek produced the Madone 4.6 WSD bike in 2012 and can be classified as a Road bicycle, this exact model costs in american market arround $2499.99. Madone 4.6 WSD bike is available in many sizes such as 47cm (centimeters), 50cm (centimeters), 52cm (centimeters), 54cm (centimeters), 56cm (centimeters) and 58cm (centimeters). Trek Road Madone 4.6 WSD can be found in a few colors, among these colors Seafoam Metallic Black . This bike is equiped with Bontrager R2 700x23c tires while the rims are manufactured by Bontrager Race. Trek equiped this exact model with SRAM Apex braking system and Unavailable front hub Unavailable rear hub hubs. To guarantee the comfiest ride Trek used 400 Series OCLV Carbon material for the frame. Bontrager Race VR-S high strength material is used on the handlebar of this Madone 4.6 WSD to ensure the perfect handling while the stems are made of Bontrager Race Lite 31.8mm. For the smoothest biking experience SRAM S350 50/34t is used on this bicycle linked to Unavailable chain chain that is easily replaceable as stated by Trek , the whole system is connected to a high reliability SRAM Rival DoubleTap 10spd gear shift levers.

Get The best price of Trek Madone 4.6 WSD
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Trek Madone 4.6 WSD competitors

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dissertations primary or secondary

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Trek Madone Gen 8 Seatpost

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Madone Gen 8. The ultimate ultra-light, ultra-aero race bike. • Our lightest and fastest road race tech. • New lighter-weight, more compliant IsoFlow technology. • Available in all-new 900 OCLV Carbon (SLR) or 500 OCLV Carbon (SL) • New light, fast, and aero Full System Foil tube shapes.

Madone SLR 9 Gen 6. Model 1049618. Retailer prices may vary depending on location and delivery method. The final price will be shown in your cart. Madone SLR 9 Disc is the ultimate aero superbike. An all-new ultralight 800 Series OCLV Carbon frame, adjustable compliance, and a Shimano Dura-Ace Di2 electronic drivetrain make it the final stop in ...

Madone SLR. 2021. Flag for Review. Trek Madone SLR 2021. Prove Humanity: Please click here to start. You should not have to do this more than once. If you continue to see this message, please email hello@[the site's address] for support. ... Wheel Size: 700c : 700c : 700c : 700c : 700c : 700c : 700c : 700c : Data Source: Manufacturer ...

Today, eight years later, everything changes again. The Trek Madone is returning to its roots as an all-around race bike and the Emonda is disappearing. Trek will tell you this is purely because of innovation but it's largely a result of the UCI keeping the minimum bike weight (6.8kg/15 pounds) unchanged.

The Madone blends both form and function, making it one of the leading choices in racing bikes. The Trek Madone offers a range of sizes to accommodate riders of different heights, ensuring optimal fit and performance. Typically, its size range starts from a smaller 47 or 50cm size for shorter riders and extends up to around 62cm for very tall ...

Madone SLR 6 AXS Gen 7. 2 Reviews / Write a Review. $8,399.99. Model 5282545. Retailer prices may vary depending on location and delivery method. The final price will be shown in your cart. Madone SLR 6 AXS Gen 7 is a road racing machine that's serious about speed from the second it hits the tarmac. An 800 Series OCLV Carbon frame with ...

Rims: Front: Bontrager Aeolus Pro 5, OCLV Carbon, Tubeless Ready, 19.5mm rim width, 50mm rim depth, 100x12 thru axle, Rear: Bontrager Aeolus Pro 5, OCLV Carbon, Tubeless Ready, 19.5mm rim width, 50mm rim depth, Shimano 11-speed freehub, 142x12 thru axle

We do have Trek Madone's available for rent/test ride a in Thousand Oaks, San Mateo, Arlington, Washington, and Canberra and can help out in many cities in addition to this. Just reach out. 3 fundamentals of correct bike size for your 2021 Trek Madone SL and SLR. Before you ride your road bike, ensure the frame meets 3 basic size requirements.

Feb 2018 · James Huang. The Madone is the oldest model name in the current Trek road lineup, with the first dating back to 2003. That nameplate has worn several hats in that time, but it's always represented the best that road bike Trek had to offer. The latest generation is no different, offering cutting-edge aerodynamics, an incredible ...

The 2022 Trek Madone SLR 9 comes in sizes 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62. After measuring your height, use the size chart below to find the typical Trek Madone SLR 9 size for your height. Remember that these sizes are a general guide and bike sizes can vary between riders and bikes. The best way to find your size is to go for a test ride.

Test Editor Dan Chabanov rides and reviews Trek's new eighth-generation Madone road bike—light, aero, fast, and raced by Lidl-Trek in the 2024 Tour de France. ... The new frame size has a few ...

Trek Madone SLR 9 eTap (2023) review | BikeRadar

Size: 58, 60, 62 Madone aero carbon internal seatmast cap, integrated light mount, 5mm offset, tall length *Handlebar: Size: 47 Trek Madone adjustable aero VR-CF, OCLV Carbon, invisible cable routing, 93mm reach, 123mm drop, 38cm width: Size: 50, 52 Trek Madone adjustable aero VR-CF, OCLV Carbon, invisible cable routing, 93mm reach, 123mm drop ...

Madone SLR 9 Gen 7. $12,749.99. Model 5282728. Retailer prices may vary depending on location and delivery method. The final price will be shown in your cart. Madone SLR 9 Gen 7 is ultralight, insanely fast, and super smooth. It's the ride you reach for on race day when every watt counts and your eyes are on the top step.

It's a full $1,000 / £1,000 more than the equivalent outgoing Gen 6 Madone SLR 7, and you'd have to look hard to find a more expensive Ultegra Di2-equipped bike from the other mainstream ...

Trek produced the Madone SL 5.5 bike in 2007 and can be classified as a Road bicycle, this exact model costs in american market arround $3,699.99. Madone SL 5.5 bike is available in many sizes such as 50cm (centimeters), 52cm (centimeters), 54cm (centimeters), 56cm (centimeters), 58cm (centimeters), 60cm (centimeters) and 62cm (centimeters).

Model 5278482. Retailer prices may vary depending on location and delivery method. The final price will be shown in your cart. Madone SLR 7 Gen 7 is the ultimate race machine. An 800 Series OCLV Carbon frame with exclusive IsoFlow technology adds an aerodynamic advantage, cuts weight, and smooths the road ahead.

Trek Madone 9.5 Ultegra Di2 Review. Trek didn't hold back when it came to advertising the Trek Madone 9.5 Ultegra Di2, calling on dramatic hyperbole to sing its praises: "The

The ultimate race bike Our fastest road race bike ever From a legacy of greatness comes a new standard of speed. Seven generations in the making, Madone SLR is our fastest and lig

Madone SLR 6 AXS Gen 7 "Every inch an aero race bike" "One of the most visually striking and competent aero bikes available today...More aero, less weight, less complication." "Re

Trek Madone Gets More Affordable with All-New SL Gen 7 and RSL Aero Bar. While still expensive, the new bike is thousands less. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Cl

Fit technicians. We recommend seeing the expert fit technicians at your local Trek retailer if you fall between two sizes or have a question about the bike size that's right for you. If you don't have a store close by, give us a call at 1-800-585-8735 (M - F) for a quick consult. Find a bike shop Contact us.

It's the Trek way. Awesome free shipping options All accessory orders over $49 ship to your home for free, and all accessory orders ship free to your local retailer for in-store pickup.

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2012 Trek Madone 5.5
Trek Madone 5.5, Too good to be true? : r/whichbike
Trek Madone 5.5
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2012 Trek Madone 5.98 H2
2012 Madone 5.9 H2 (Compact) UK

COMMENTS

Trek Madone 5.5 (2012) Specs
View product specifications: Trek Madone 5.5 2012 - View Reviews, Specifications, Prices, Comparisons and Local Bike Shops. ... This Trek-exclusive carbon BB makes the frame lighter, stiffer, and quicker to accelerate. Ultimate comfort We designed Trek's Ride Tuned seatmast to save energy and counter the pounding doled out by three-week Grand ...
2012 Trek Madone 5.5
Find out how much a 2012 Trek Madone 5.5 bicycle is worth. Our Value Guide is constantly growing with pricing information and bicycle specs daily.
2012 Trek Madone 5.5 H2 (Compact)
Lightweight, very fast and comfortable - a super-high performance bike that won't disappoint, if you have the cash. Jun 2012 · Ron Koch. Trek enters the aero road market with the lightest, fastest Madone yet. Jun 2012. I've made it here to Liege to chase a little bike race around France, but before I begin Trek was kind enough to invite me to ...
Trek Madone 5.5 2012
Loaded with leading racing technologies, the Madone 5.5 will give you a mountain of reasons why it's a lovely choice. It has H2 fit which has a slightly higher head tube height to put less strain on the back and neck. The SRAM Force crankset is compact for best climbing ability and flat-terrain speed. It also boasts of its OCLV frame that is ...
Trek Madone 5.5 review
Trek Madone 5.5 review | BikeRadar. Light and lively road machine from Wisconsin.
Trek Madone 5.5 Road Bike
Strength: It's light, comfortable & it climbs well. Weakness: The paint & the chainstays are fragile. I'm reviewing the 2011 Madone 5.5 with full SRAM Force. The original frame had a cracked non-driveside chainstay out of the box. The box was damaged and Trek sent a replacement. After about 18 months & 6,000 miles, I was riding with a friend.
Madone 5.5
Madone 5.5. Model 14660002110. Retailer prices may vary depending on location and delivery method. The final price will be shown in your cart. Compare. Color / Soft Touch White. Select a color. Select size. Direct-to-home shipping.
Trek Madone 5.5 Review
The Trek Madone 5.5 is very traditional when you look at the structure of the frame. Yet it possesses a sleek look with its graceful lines. I received many compliments on its appearance. That's a big step for a consumer. Although it appears straightforward, hang on! The Madone 5.5 hides its strengths. Overall, the power transfer was impressive.
Trek Madone 5.5 (2012) Reviews (page 1)
No-frills, no-fuss value, performance, and durability. I was wavering between the Madone 5.5, a Bianchi Sempre Pro, and a Scott CR1. I might have liked the fit and slightly more forgiving ride of the Sempre, and the CR1 is a sweet ride. But our Bianchi rep was AWOL, and Trek's lifetime frame warranty and the full SRAM Force componentry sealed ...
Madone 5.5 H2 (Compact)
Integrated, cartridge bearings, sealed, alloy, 1-1/8" top, 1.5" bottom. Brakeset. SRAM Force brakes w/SRAM Force levers. We reserve the right to make changes to the product information contained on this site at any time without notice, including with respect to equipment, specifications, models, colors, materials, and pricing.
Trek Madone 5.5 review
Model / Specification of the Trek Madone 5.5 under review. Model: Trek Madone 5.5, 2010 model; OCLV Black carbon frame, Ultegra brakes and gears (compact) Almost all fittings are standard (as per the Trek Project One bike specification) except the transmission is Ultegra 2010; Country of purchase: France; Colour: Red. I set off to buy white but ...
Trek Madone Bikes For Sale
Wheel Size. $12,749.99. 15.7 lbs. Shimano Dura-Ace Di2 (2x12) 700x25mm. Madone SLR. The Madone SLR is an incredibly lightweight and fast aero bike that hungers for speed and efficiency. Made with Trek's exceptionally stiff and lightweight OCLV 800 carbon and using the IsoSpeed Decoupler, you'll feel a smooth, compliant, and crazy fast ride ...
2012 Trek Madone 5.5
video presentation of my new 2012 Madone 5.5
2010 Trek Madone 5.5
TREK MADONE 6.9: Carbon dating and the legacy of yellow. Aug 2010 · R BA. No, not the new 6 Series SSL, but still a (2009) Tour winner. Read Review. Taylor Phinney's Trek Madone: A photo gallery. Mar 2010 · Lennard Zinn. Two-time world pursuit champion Taylor Phinney is Trek-Livestrong's marquee rider.
2012 Trek Madone 5.5
Selling a 2012 Trek Madone 5.5 road bike, size 56 cm. This bike weighs in at only 15 lbs and is jam packed with some awesome features. First off, Trek's 500 series carbon makes for a lightweight ...
New Trek Madone 5.5: I Love It But...
There is no 5.5 for 2013. Just the 5.2 with full Ultegra mechanical (except for the 105 cassette) and the 5.9 with Ultegra Di2. MSRP on the 5.9 with Di2 (or Ui2 to be technical about it) is right around $5000. The 2013 500 series also has the new KVF frame and the integrated brakes. The 2012 5.2 was pretty much the same group, but didn't have ...
Madone 5.2 H2 Compact
Discover your next great ride with Madone 5.2 H2 Compact. See the bike and visit your local Trek retailer. Shop now!
2012 Trek Madone 5.9 Road Bike
Feel the balance of power and finesse aboard the 2012 Trek Madone 5.9. The power part comes from Trek's OCLV carbon frame, which boasts ingenious technology that will have you setting personal bests. The 90mm-wide bottom bracket gives you a stiff, efficient pedaling platform, the integrated headset and BB cups save wei
2011 Trek Madone 5.5
First Ride: The all-new Trek Madone. June 2012 · Caley Fretz. We give our first impressions of the all-new Trek Madone and an expanded Domane line. Read Review. TREK MADONE 6.9: Carbon dating and the legacy of yellow. Aug 2010 · R BA. No, not the new 6 Series SSL, but still a (2009) Tour winner.
trek madone 4.5 shimano 105
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2012 trek madone 5.2 weight
Expert road bike reviews and the latest road bike news, features and advice. Find rides & events, training articles and participate in our forums. Trek madone 5.2 - review. The
Bike Makes a Clicking Noise When Pedaling: Fix (Step by Step)
Remove the pedals from the bike and grease them. Make sure the crank arm, washers and pedal are intact when re-installing them. Lubing the pedal springs every now and will help you prevent squeaky bike noises. If your shoes get noisy during pedaling it's a sign that you need to clean and lubricate them.
trek madone dimensions
Madone SLR 6 AXS Gen 7 "Every inch an aero race bike" "One of the most visually striking and competent aero bikes available today...More aero, less weight, less complication." "Re

Trek Madone 5.5 review

Ride & handling: Comfortable, responsive and fast

Frameset: New OCLV names, more simplicity

Equipment: Race-proven and serviceable

Verdict: American-made speed, readily available

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Step 1: Lay Out the Facts

How to p repare charts and tables for a research paper

Tips for preparing charts and tables

How to describe the results of your research

Tips for describing the research results :

Step 2: Explain the results

How to define the Message of a research paper

Tips for defining the paper’s central message :

How to write the Discussion section of a research paper

Tips for writing the discussion section:

How to write the Conclusions of a research paper

Tips for writing the conclusion section :

How to refine the Objective of a research paper

Tips for writing the objective section :

How to write the Methodology section of your research paper

Tips for writing the methodology section :

Step 3: Advertize the research

How to write the Introduction of a research paper